Since the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) was proposed in 1956, medicine has been one of its core application fields. At present, AI technology has run through the whole diagnosis and treatment process, and has been extended to innovative scenarios such as drug research and development, surgical robots, and clinical trial optimization. Scenario application is the backbone of the technical system. Multimodal data fusion integrates heterogeneous data such as images, medical records, and genes, and federated learning realizes cross-institutional privacy protection and sharing. Deep learning achieved more than 90% sensitivity in imaging diagnosis for lung nodule detection, while generative AI accelerates drug molecule design. The core applications cover four major areas field: AI is more accurate than professional doctors in breast cancer and diabetic retinopathy screening; robotics shortens hospital stays and improves spinal screw placement accuracy; AI shortens the discovery cycle of drug targets; machine learning improves the efficiency of subject screening and enables real-time data monitoring. The application of AI in the medical field is first constrained by data quality and algorithm bias, and the "black box" characteristics of AI models and the ambiguity of responsibility attribution are the core obstacles to clinical implementation. This paper analyzes key technological breakthroughs and typical cases, discusses the application scenarios and challenges of AI in medicine, and aims to provide a reference for the future development of medical intelligence.

Objective: To investigate the effect of cordyceps sinensis (CS) on the activation of fibroblasts through IL-6 trans-signaling pathway and its specific mechanism in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Methods: Renal fibrosis mouse model was established by unilateral ischemia/reperfusion (UIR), and the mice were administered intragastrically CS, soluble glycoprotein 130 Fc (sgp130Fc) or Hyper-IL-6. Masson's trichrome staining was utilized to identify tubulointerstitial fibrosis. PAS staining was utilized to assess the extent of renal injury. Western blot was employed to analyze the expression levels of fibrosis markers [alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN)] and proteins associated with IL-6 trans-signaling pathway [phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(p-STAT3), soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R)]. The expression and localization of proteins were additionally detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and qPCR. The effect of cordyceps sinensis extract cordycepin on IL-6 trans-signaling in fibroblasts was further investigated in vitro. Results: The results from in vivo experiments showed that administration of CS during the chronic phase demonstrated a beneficial protective impact on inflammation and fibrosis in the affected kidney, and serum creatinine levels and collagen deposition were decreased. Western blot analysis revealed a decrease in the expression levels of α-SMA, FN, as well as IL-6 trans-signaling pathway protein p-STAT3, sIL-6R in the treatment group. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) were also decreased in the CS treatment group. Additionally, Hyper-IL-6 can partially counteract the therapeutic effects of CS. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that cordycepin inhibited the secretion of IL-6 from NRK-52E. Combined treatment of recombinant IL-6 and sIL-6R protein activated NRK-49F, leading to a significant increase in α-SMA, FN, and p-STAT3 expression levels. Cordycepin or sgp130Fc treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts induced by IL-6 trans-signaling pathway. Conclusion: CS can significantly reduce IL-6 secretion by renal tubular epithelial cells and inhibit the activation of IL-6 trans-signaling pathway in fibroblasts, thereby ameliorating renal interstitial fibrosis.

Objective: To analyze the global literature related to functional cure of hepatitis B from 2019 to 2023 by using bibliometric analysis methods, so as to help researchers understand the research hotspots and trends in this field. Methods: The literature related to the topic of functional cure of hepatitis B included in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) of the Web of Science Core Collection from 2019 to 2023 was searched. By using VOSviewer and CiteSpace visual analysis tools, analyses were conducted from the perspectives of publication trends, international research cooperation networks, and keyword emergence, and were elaborated with the specific contents of the related literature to elucidate research hotspots and trends. Results: A total of 600 eligible papers in this field were included. Keyword co-occurrence and thematic clustering suggested that the main research directions of functional cure were: serum biomarkers for prediction and monitoring of functional cure, functional cure and immunity, nucleoside analog discontinuation, interferon therapy, and long-term prognosis of functional cure. The research contents of the ESI highly cited original research papers were similar to the clustering of the above, but showed more attention on the novel agents for functional cure. The content of the keyword emergence map showed that hotspots of interest changed from virologic mechanisms and serum markers, to nucleoside analog discontinuation and interferon therapy, and finally to immunologic mechanisms and new drug. Conclusion: The research hotspots and trends of functional cure of hepatitis B were focused on virological mechanism, serum markers, immunological mechanism, nucleoside analog discontinuation, interferon therapy, and long-term prognosis after cure.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A (FluA), and influenza B (FluB) in a single center in Minhang District, Shanghai after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from Apr 2023 to Jul 2024 of patients who underwent testing for Mp, RSV, FluA, and FluB due to respiratory tract infections in Minhang Hospital, Fudan University was conducted. Differences in pathogen infections were analyzed among different seasons and age groups. Results: A total of 39 103 individuals of respiratory tract infections with simultaneous testing for all four pathogens were included in this analysis, with a total detection rate of 44.7% (17 490/39 103). The detection rates were as follows: Mp 25.2%, FluA 13.1%, FluB 10.9%, and RSV 1.5%. Co-infections accounted for 5.9%, predominantly with Mp and FluA. The detection rate of Mp was > 38% in children under 14 years old, gradually decreasing with age. In the child group (≤14 years), both FluA and FluB had the highest detection rates in the 7-14 years age group (FluA, 16.5%; FluB, 10.4%). In the adult group (≥15 years), the highest detection rates for FluA and FluB were found in the 15-24 years age group (12.5%) and the 35-44 years age group (15.9%), respectively. The detection rates of pathogens varied significantly across different months (P < 0.001), with an increasing trend in the total number and overall detection rate of the four pathogens after Sept 2023 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: After the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an abnormal increase in Mp in a single center in Minhang District, Shanghai. Mp, along with influenza viruses, became the main pathogens causing respiratory tract infections. Targeted prevention and control measures based on the epidemiological characteristics of infections should be implemented to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Small cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma (SCNECC) is a rare gynecological malignancy characterized by early invasion and metastasis, resulting in a poorer prognosis compared to cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The clinical management of SCNECC remains in the exploratory phase. Recently, as this uncommon tumor has garnered increasing attention both domestically and internationally, some progress has been made in improving its prognosis. This article summarizes the advancements in combined modality therapy for SCNECC, discussing and providing insights into key issues related to current treatment strategies of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as targeted and immunotherapies.

Objective: To investigate the role of the GPR120 gene in the progression of sepsis, explore the molecular mechanisms through which GPR120 gene regulates NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization. Methods: The blood and pleural fluid samples were collected from the sepsis patients and the control group. The expression of inflammatory factors and the associated proteins were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA. C57BL/6 mice and monocyte-macrophage cell line (Raw264.7) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct the sepsis models. After the intervention of GPR120 agonist TUG891, the expression of GPR120 gene, NLRP3 inflammasome protein and macrophage polarization protein were detected between the control group and the sepsis group. Results: The expression of inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β in the serum of septic patients, significantly increased compared with the control (P < 0.001). And the expression of inflammasome proteins such as NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in the pleural fluid also increased (all P < 0.05). In vivo, LPS could induce severe inflammation in lung tissue, the GPR120 gene expression decreased in lung tissue, and inflammatory factors were up-regulated in mouse serum (P < 0.01). The inflammasome-associated protein and M1 type polarization of macrophages were enhanced, the TUG891 could reduce the inflammatory response, inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome activating, and promote the M2 polarization of macrophages (P < 0.01). In vitro, LPS could inhibit the intracellular GPR120 expression. The inflammatory factors secreted more in LPS-induced sepsis cells. TUG891 could promote the up-regulation of GPR120 protein and alleviate the secretion of inflammatory factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In sepsis, GPR120 gene activation could inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, promote macrophage polarization, and reduce the inflammatory damage, thereby delay the rapid progression of sepsis.

Drug clinical trial is a method of experimental epidemiology to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of medicines. This article introduced the types and design thought of innovation in drug clinical trial design, and provided methodological reference for related researches. Adaptive design is a complex and innovative clinical trial design, which can be divided into group sequential design, sample size re-estimation, seamless trial, enrichment design and master protocol design (basket trial, umbrella trial, platform trial, etc.) according to the purpose of adaptability. The adaptive design has greater adjustment flexibility, which overcomes the shortcomings of conventional clinical trials to a certain extent, then improves the validity of the trial results and the strength of the evidence. The design innovation and remodeling of drug clinical trials will provide more powerful evidence-based evidence for the realization of precision medicine.

Objective: To compare the pain relief and long-term clinical success rate of vital pulp therapy and root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth with carious irreversible pulpitis. Methods: A total of 90 patients diagnosed with carious irreversible pulpitis in mature permanent teeth were collected at Shanghai Stomatological Hospital from Jan 2021 to Jun 2022. They were randomly divided into two groups: test group (n=45) undergoing vital pulp therapy (VPT) and control group (n=45) undergoing root canal treatment (RCT). Pain scores were recorded before treatment, 24 hours after operation and 7 days after operation. We conducted clinical evaluation and imaging analysis at 1, 6, and 12 months after the surgery, then compared the pain scores and treatment success rates between the two groups. Results: Eighty-one patients, including 39 patients in group VPT aged (31.00±1.43) years old and 42 patients in group RCT aged (30.60±1.54) years old, received follow-up for more than 1 year, and the success rate of the test group and control was 97.44% and 95.24%. The pain degree of the two groups was reduced at 24 hours and 7 days after operation (P < 0.05), and the pain score of the test group was reduced compared with that in the control group 7 days after operation (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Compared with root canal treatment, vital pulp therapy for mature permanent teeth with carious irreversible pulpitis can achieve good results in short-term pain evolution and long-term clinical success.

With the important trend of body shape in whole lifecycle management of breast cancer patients and the emergence of new evidence-based medical and nursing data, it is necessary to sort out and update the body shape management of breast cancer patients. Experts of Breast Cancer Integrated Nursing Professional Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Breast Cancer Case Manager Branch of Chinese Medical Education Association and Breast Cancer Professional Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association convened domestic experts in the field of breast cancer nursing, including breast surgery, medical oncology, radiotherapy, nursing management and other nursing fields, who jointly discussed and formulated the "expert consensus on body shape management of breast cancer patients". The consensus has elaborated on the management of surgery-related body, comprehensive treatment-related body and other related body management, hoping to provide homogenized suggestions for personnel in various breast specialties to carry out body shape management of patients, and improve the standardization of care.

Mendelian randomization (MR) is an epidemiological method that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables (Ⅳs). This article begins by elucidating the basic principles of IVs through causal diagrams, directed acyclic graph (DAG), and then systematically reviews the key assumptions, common challenges, and practical considerations in MR studies by comparing them with randomized controlled trials (RCTs). As an observational study, MR can theoretically help avoid confounding, but its validity in practice critically depends on confirming (ⅰ) a strong association between the genetic instrument and the exposure, (ⅱ) independence of the instrument from confounders, and (ⅲ) exclusion of alternative pathways from the instrument to the outcome; over-interpretation of findings should therefore be avoided. The paper also highlights the value of MR in drug target discovery and in exploring disease mechanisms, while reminding investigators that common issues in observational studies, such as the temporal order of exposure and outcome, still require rigorous attention.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a detrimental respiratory complication associated with prematurity that still lacks effective treatment. BPD is a multifactorial disease with a pathogenesis involving alveolar simplification and impaired vascularization. Alveolar epithelial cells are the main components of alveoli including alveolar type Ⅰ (AT1) and alveolar type Ⅱ (AT2) epithelial cells. AT1 cells are involved in constructing the air-blood barrier and facilitating gas exchange, while AT2 cells, characterized by proliferative and differentiated stem cell properties, maintain lung homeostasis and contribute to lung injury. The transdifferentiation of AT2 cells into AT1 cells is a core mechanism in the repair of lung injuries, although the key signaling pathway activating transdifferentiation remains unclear. This article introduces the key signaling pathways and research progress in alveolar epithelial cell transdifferentiation through literature retrieval and classification summary, providing a foundation for elucidating the pathogenesis of BPD and exploring new therapeutic regimens for BPD.

Objective: To explore the potential categories of health risk behaviors among students aged 11 to 18 years in Minhang District, Shanghai in order to identify the influencing factors of health risk behaviors among different categories of students. Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling techniques, a random selection of 1 690 middle school students from Minhang District, Shanghai, were chosen as the study sample. Data was collected using the "Shanghai Adolescent Health-Related Behavior Survey Questionnaire" to assess participants' scores on six categories of health risk behaviors. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to cluster students' health risk behaviors, and a multifactorial Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related influencing factors. Results: The health risk behaviors of students aged 11 to 18 in Minhang District, Shanghai, were categorized into 3 groups: Class 1, comprising 915 students (54.14%), with moderate to low scores in health risk behaviors, named "the group with moderately low levels of various health risk behaviors"; Class 2, comprising 539 students (31.89%), with higher scores in psychological addiction, named "the group with psychological addiction as the prominent health risk behavior"; Class 3, comprising 236 students (13.97%), with higher scores in substance addiction, named "the group with substance addiction as the prominent health risk behavior". The results of the univariate analysis for the three potential categories of student health risk behaviors show that there are statistically significant differences in the 3 potential categories of health risk behaviors among students of different schools, ages, ethnicities, and boarding situations (P < 0.05). The analysis results of the multivariate Logistic regression indicate that compared to junior high school students, both senior high school students and vocational high school students have a higher risk of exhibiting unhealthy behaviors characterized by psychological addiction and substance addiction, with all differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The latent profile analysis reveals three distinct categories of health risk behaviors among students aged 11 to 18 years in Minhang District, Shanghai, with significant distribution differences among students from diverse backgrounds. Consequently, it is recommended that tailored health education and intervention measures be implemented for students with different school characteristics and at various educational stages.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population and gender differences. Methods: Based on the longitudinal survey data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015, the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration cystatin C formula was used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and 4 119 participants with normal renal function (eGFR≥60 mL·min^-1·1.72 m^-2) at baseline were included. Incident CKD was defined as eGFR<60 mL·min^-1·1.72 m^-2 at the follow-up in 2015. Logistic regression analysis was used to analysis the association of SUA levels at baseline and incident CKD among different genders. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to analyze the dose-response relationship. Results: After 4-year follow-up, 127 participants developed incident CKD, including 57 males and 70 females. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated SUA levels were independently associated with the risk of incident CKD (OR=1.532, P<0.001). For each 1 mg/dL increase in SUA, the risk of incident CKD increased by 33.6% in males (OR=1.336, P=0.012) and 77.5% in females (OR=1.755, P<0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a linear positive correlation between SUA levels and incident CKD in both males and females. Participants were divided into four groups according to SUA quartiles (Q1-Q4). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated a significant increase in the risk of incident CKD in Q3 group (3.75 mg/dL<SUA≤4.43 mg/dL) and Q4 group (SUA>4.43 mg/dL) compared with Q1 group in females (Q3 group: OR=2.571, P=0.045;Q4 group: OR=3.666, P=0.005). Conclusion: SUA is an independent risk factor for incident CKD in the middle-aged and elderly population. In females, serum uric acid levels exceeding 3.75 mg/dL are associated with an increased risk of incident CKD.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare progressive respiratory dysfunction disease of the lung characterized by insidious onset and non-specific clinical manifestations, often leading to misdiagnosed and mistreated. Herein, we reported a case of PAP patient admitted to Jiading District Central Hospital with an atypical appearance of alveolar lavage fluid and whose condition improved significantly after treatment with subcutaneous injection of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Additionally, we have reviewed and summarized the relevant literature to enhance the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of pressing needle in preventing and reducing nausea and vomiting in patients after gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods: A total of 199 patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery from May to Nov 2023 at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University were randomly divided into research group (n=99) and control group (n=100). The observation group was given Tanzhong, zanzhu and Taichong pressing needles on the basis of the control group. The postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed in the two groups. Results: There were significant differences in the incidence and duration of postoperative nausea, the incidence of postoperative vomiting between the two groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the duration of postoperative vomiting. The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion: Pressing needle can effectively prevent the occurrence of nausea and vomiting after gynecological laparoscopic surgery, and reduce the degree of nausea and vomiting, and reduce the duration of nausea.

Objective: To introduce how to import and analyze data using the Research Electronic Data Capture(REDCap) system, taking a multi-center randomized controlled clinical research of total knee arthroplasty as an example. Methods: Various tools within the REDCap system, including data import tools, data export functions, reports and statistics, project dashboards, and coding manuals, were used to systematically process and analyze the multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial data for total knee arthroplasty. Initially, electronically collected clinical data were adjusted and standardized, then uploaded in bulk to the system using the REDCap data import tool. Subsequently, the data were organized through REDCap's data export feature, and basic descriptive statistical analysis was performed using its reporting and statistical functions to ensure data quality and completeness. Results: An electronic data collection and management platform for clinical research on knee osteoarthritis wase successfully created by the REDCap system. The platform enabled real-time data collection from multiple centers, and ensured data accuracy and consistency through built-in data management and quality control mechanisms. With the statistical analysis features of REDCap, the research team could monitor the progress of data in real time, conduct effective quality assessments, and perform dynamic analysis for further in-depth statistical evaluations. Conclusion: The REDCap system can be used not only to build a new clinical research project, but also to import and analyze data that has been previously digitized of ongoing clinical researches into the system, which improved the scientificity of data management and research efficiency.

Objective: To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics and oncological outcomes of clear cell borderline ovarian tumor (CCBOT), and provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in the future. Methods: A total of 23 CCBOT patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from May 2011 to Aug 2022 were enrolled, and the clinical information of 19 CCBOT patients in the Ricotta's cohort was integrated. The clinical pathological characteristics and oncological outcomes of these 42 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: This study enrolled 42 CCBOT patients, including 23 from our cohort and 19 from the Ricotta G's cohort. Compared with the Ricotta's cohort, the proportion of CCBOT patients with endometriosis in our cohort (34.8%) was significantly higher than that in the Ricotta's cohort (5.3%) (P < 0.05). In our cohort, 22 patients had information on intraoperative frozen section evaluation, and the accuracy of intraoperative frozen section evaluation was 50% (11/22). The other 50% (11/22) of patients were underestimated by intraoperative frozen section evaluation. The merged cohort indicated that the median age of the patients was 60 years old, occuring more common in postmenopausal women (66.7%). Most cases presented with pelvic masses (59.5%) and abdominal pain or distension (19.0%). This disease mostly involved unilateral ovaries (90.5%). Information on preoperative tumor markers was largely missed, making it difficult to draw an accurate evaluation for them. Ten cases (23.8%) underwent fertility sparing surgery, and 32 cases (76.2%) underwent radical surgery. The pathologic report indicated that all patients were stage Ⅰ patients and 21.4% patients had endometriosis. Among these patients, 32 patients underwent total hysterectomy, of which 10 (31.3%) had concurrent endometrial lesions. The median follow-up time was 68 months, with a minimum follow-up of one month and a maximum follow-up of 231 months, and no recurrence or death was observed. Conclusion: CCBOT patients usually had an good prognosis with a low recurrence rate. Fertility sparing surgery was safe and feasible, but attention should be paid to exclude concurrent endometrial lesions. Given the rarity of CCBOT, future multicenter prospective studies are needed to better elucidate the clinical pathological features and prognosis of patients with CCBOT.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) typically exhibited high-grade atypia and aggressive chemotherapy resistance, leading to poor prognosis, necessitating continuous exploration of novel therapeutic approaches to enhance patient survival and quality of life. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the biological behavior and molecular characteristics of OCCC, unique molecular features of OCCC were discovered, making it a potential molecular target for personalized biotherapy, with the prospect of improving treatment efficacy and patient prognosis. An increasing number of clinical trials focused on exploring the driver mutations and molecular characteristics of recurrent OCCC in the hope of finding more precise and effective treatment modalities. This article provided a comprehensive review of the molecular characteristics of OCCC and advances in drug therapy.

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of Baduanjin combined with acupuncture in treating neck-type cervical spondylopathy (NTCS) patients. Methods: Eighty patients were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group in a 1∶1 ratio. The intervention group was treated with a combination of Baduanjin and acupuncture. Patients underwent Baduanjin exercise daily and acupuncture treatment twice a week for a total of 8 consecutive weeks. The control group received routine acupuncture twice a week for a total of 8 consecutive weeks. After the end of the treatment course, the effective rates of the two groups, as well as the visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and general comfort questionnaire (GCQ) assessment before and after treatment were compared, then safety evaluations was assessed. Results: After intervention, the total effective rates of the intervention group and the control group were 91.4% and 76.31%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05); Compared within the group, the VAS, NDI, SAS, SDS scores of both groups were significantly lower than before treatment (all P < 0.01), and the GCQ scores were higher than before treatment(both P < 0.01); After intervention, inter-group comparison showed that the improvement of VAS, NDI, SAS, SDS, and GCQ scores in the intervention group was more significant than that in the control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Baduanjin and acupuncture treatment can improve the clinical efficacy of NTCS patients and has good safety, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of a self-locking zero-notch interbody fusion device for long-segment cervical spondylosis in elderly patients with traditional titanium plate combined with interbody fusion device. Methods: From Jan 2019 to Jan 2021, elderly patients (> 60 years) with 3-4 segments (C3-C7) radiculopathy, myelopathy, or mixed-type cervical spondylosis underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using a zero-notch interbody fusion device (Group A, n=24) and ACDF using a titanium plate combined with an interbody fusion device (Group B, n=18). We recorded the surgery duration, blood loss, incision length and hospital stay, measure preoperative and postoperative intervertebral height, functional segment height and cervical lordosis, and also observe treatment outcomes and postoperative complications between the two groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) of upper limb, Neck Disability Index (NDI), preoperative intervertebral height, functional segment height and cervical lordosis. Blood loss, surgery time and hospital stay were similar in both groups, but Group A had shorter incision length (P < 0.01) compared with Group B. There were no significant differences between the two groups in JOA scores, upper limb VAS and postoperative NDI, and even in postoperative intervertebral height, functional segment height and cervical lordosis recovery. Conclusion: The zero-notch interbody fusion device is effective for treating long-segment cervical spondylosis. Compared with the traditional titanium plate combined with an interbody fusion device, it can avoid postoperative dysphagia with smaller incision and shorter surgery time, which makes it more suitable for elderly patients.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive description and summary of the clinical characteristics of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) in order to enhance understanding of this disease. Methods: A total of 33 EGPA patients treated in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, between Jan 2017 and Aug 2022 were included in this retrospective analysis. The diagnosis was based on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for EGPA. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and treatment outcomes of the patients were analyzed. Results: Among the 33 EGPA patients, there were 22 males (66.7%) and 11 females (33.3%), with an average age of diagnosis being (47.42±15.83) years old. The most common initial department visited by patients was the rheumatology department (23 cases, 69.7%), followed by the respiratory medicine department (6 cases, 18.2%). Skin involvement manifested as rash, ulcers, necrosis or gangrene was observed in most cases (23 cases, 69.7%), followed by asthma (17 cases, 51.5%), infiltrative pneumonia (14 cases, 42.4%), peripheral neuropathy (9 cases, 27.3%), thrombosis formation (9 cases, 27.3 %).The mean absolute value of eosinophils in all patients was measured as (3.43±3.52)×10⁹/L, with eight patients (24.2%) testing positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). Compared with ANCA-negative patients, ANCA-positive individuals exhibited significantly higher Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) and eosinophil count, as well as a higher incidence rate of renal involvement (P < 0.05). Glucocorticoid therapy was administered in thirty-two patients (97%), while biologics or tofacitinib were given to eleven patients (33.3%), among them six received tofacitinib treatment, of which five achieved disease remission. Conclusion: EGPA exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations, and ANCA-positive patients tend to exhibit higher disease activity levels. A multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment system for EGPA should be established.

Objective: To investigate the value of pre-treatment MRI features in predicting cachexia in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 399 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, recording their pre-treatment clinical and MRI data. All patients underwent MRI plain and enhanced scan, and their weight was followed up 6 months after the MRI examination. According to the diagnostic criteria for cachexia, patients were divided into cachexia group and non-cachexia group. They were randomly divided into the training set (n=279) and the validation set (n=120). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to screen variables associated with cachexia in hepatocellular carcinoma and to establish a predictive model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive performance of different models. The DeLong test was used to compare the AUC values of different models, and the best-performing model was used to establish a predictive nomogram for cachexia in hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that serum albumin < 40 g/dL, serum alpha-fetoprotein > 100 ng/mL, tumor diameter > 5 cm, portal vein tumor thrombus, intratumoral arterial enhancement, and arterial phase peritumoral enhancement were independent predictors of cachexia in hepatocellular carcinoma. The clinical-imaging model showed the best predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.843 in the training set and 0.854 in the validation set. Conclusion: The nomogram based on MRI features can predict cachexia in hepatocellular carcinoma 6 months earlier than clinical diagnosis, which has important clinical guidance significance.

Objective: To analyze the impact of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) screening compared to the indanone-fluorescence method (hereinafter referred to as fluorescence analysis) on finance or health insurance in screening newborn genetic metabolic diseases in Shanghai, and provide policy recommendations for MS/MS reimbursement. Methods: A budget impact analysis model was constructed using Microsoft Excel 2019, with a study period of 3 years (2025‒2027). Newborns of 2025 to 2027 were predicted based on the birth data of newborns in Shanghai and the average decrease of newborns in Shanghai. Clinical screening data and cost data were derived from relevant statistical websites, literature, and hospital survey data. Additionally, consultations with experts were conducted to understand national and Shanghai-specific screening and reimbursement policies. Among these, the fluorescence-based analysis method is primarily used for screening phenylketonuria, while MS/MS can be used for screening a variety of newborn genetic and metabolic disorders. So we separately calculated the impact of MS/MS screening compared to the fluorescence-based method on Shanghai's fiscal budget and health insurance fund. Results: The budget impact analysis on fiscal expenditures indicates that from 2025 to 2027, the fiscal expenditures for fluorescence analysis will be 1.58 million, 1.48 million and 1.39 million yuan, respectively. In contrast, MS/MS fiscal expenditures will be 22.75 million, 21.37 million, and 20.06 million yuan, respectively; compared with fluorescence analysis, the increased fiscal expenditures for MS/MS will be 21.18 million, 19.88 million, and 18.67 million yuan, respectively, showing a decreasing trend annually. The budget impact on health insurance funds shows that from 2025 to 2027, the expenditures for fluorescence analysis will be 1.11 million, 1.04 million and 0.97 million yuan, respectively; MS/MS health insurance fund expenditures will be 15.93 million, 14.96 million and 14.04 million yuan, respectively. Compared with fluorescence analysis, the additional health insurance fund expenditures for MS/MS will be 14.82 million, 13.92 million and 13.07 million yuan, respectively, also showing a decreasing trend annually. Policy-wise, the costs for tandem mass spectrometry screening are typically covered by fiscal payments or out-of-pocket by patients, with commercial insurance, charitable foundations, and other organizations serving as supplementary sources of funding. Conclusion: The overall cost of expanding newborn screening for genetic metabolic diseases in Shanghai is controllable. To unify the payment standards and facilitate centralized management, it is recommended that the costs for tandem mass spectrometry screening in Shanghai be covered by government funding.

Objective: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of relevant literature on liver failure caused by viral hepatitis from the past five years, and to help researchers understand the current status and hotspots in this field, and to provide insights into future research trends. Methods: Based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) data from Web of Science Core Collection, visualization analysis and mapping were conducted through VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to generate visual representations of international research collaboration networks, keyword co-occurrence clustering, and keyword bursts. Results: From 2019 to 2023, a total of 873 relevant literature were included, with a total citation frequency of 7 364 and an average citation frequency of 8.44. Among them, China had the highest number of publications (458 articles, 52.46%) and had the most cooperation with the United States. The research hotspots of viral hepatitis induced liver failure were mainly divided into three categories: basic and clinical research on liver failure caused by non-hepatitis B virus (HBV), the pathogenesis of HBV related liver failure, and treatment and prediction models of liver failure. The keyword time overlay map and burst map showed that the research hotspots had gradually shifted from the prevention and control of new infections to the treatment and prognosis assessment of patients with chronic infection. Conclusion: China is a major international research entity in liver failure caused by viral hepatitis and actively participates in international scientific collaborations. The research hotspots on liver failure caused by viral hepatitis have gradually shifted from preventing viral hepatitis infections and expanding treatment options to the treatment of chronic infection patients and prognostic prediction.

During sudden outbreaks of major infectious diseases, traditional vaccine clinical trials often fail to deliver timely and meaningful outcomes. To address this, innovative trial designs are essential to accelerate or restructure the traditional three-phase clinical trial process while maintaining adherence to scientific principles of drug candidate safety and efficacy. This paper presents various innovative vaccine clinical trial designs and concepts, along with critical considerations for their application, to serve as a methodological reference for related research. Adaptive designs provide flexibility by dynamically adjusting trial parameters—such as dose selection, population stratification, and sample size reestimation—based on interim analysis results. Bayesian designs incorporate historical data and prior information, reducing sample size requirements. Master protocol designs enable the evaluation of multiple treatments or target populations within a unified framework, significantly improving efficiency. Additionally, real-world data (RWD), including electronic health records vaccination records and insurance claims, supports the creation of virtual control groups, addressing ethical concerns while enhancing trial feasibility. A hybrid design combining randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with RWD is also proposed to leverage the strengths of both methodologies. These innovative designs optimize the research process, accelerating vaccine development and regulatory approval. By integrating these approaches, robust evidence-based insights can be generated, advancing precision medicine goals and strengthening public health responses to emerging infectious diseases.

Objective: To observe the early changes of vault after implantation of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantable collamer lens (ICL), and investigate the effect of different implantation axes on the early vault changes. Methods: A prospective, parallel cohort study was performed, enrolling a total of 124 eyes of who underwent ICL (V4c) implantation in the refractive clinic. The changes of vault were observed by scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA2) at 1 day, 1 week and 1 month after surgery. Results: The ICL vault declined significantly by approximately (108.2±82.4)μm 1 week after surgery with the proportion of 16.6%±12.1% compared with the values 1 day after surgery (P < 0.001), and then remained stable. Within 1 month after surgery, excluding the difference in vault baseline at 1 day after surgery, the proportion of vault decline in the middle vault group (250-749 μm) and the high vault group (≥750 μm) was similar, and there was no statistically significant difference. We analyzed the relationship between ICL axial directions and vault and found that the vault decline of the horizontal ICL group stabilized quickly at 1 week after surgery, and the vault decline of the vertical ICL group was more significant within 1 month after surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The vault of the ICL shows a downward trend in the early stage after implantation. The middle vault group and ICL in the horizontal position stabilizes faster, and the downward trend of the high vault group or ICL in the vertical position is more obvious.

In elderly patients with malignant tumor, sarcopenia frequently co-occurs, which is largely attributed to the cachexia state observed in cancer patients. Although both sarcopenia and cachexia involve muscle loss, there are significant distinctions between the two conditions. Current research indicates that sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition, influenced by factors such as aging, endocrine dysfunction, motor neuron loss, cachexia, inflammation, and malnutrition. With the increasing depth of research into the correlation between sarcopenia and the nervous and immune systems, this article reviews the research progress on sarcopenia in patients with malignant tumors, with a focus on neuroimmunological aspects. It systematically analyzes the mechanisms underlying its onset and progression, as well as the influencing factors and potential intervention strategies for sarcopenia in this patient population.

Microphthalmos is a congenital ocular developmental anomaly that manifests as a significant reduction in the size of eyes, and is often combined with various ocular disorders such as cataract. Due to its special intraocular anatomical features, the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications of cataract surgery in microphthalmos is usually high. Combined with subscleral sclerectomy, peripheral iridectomy, and anterior segment vitrectomy, the incidence of the pre-existing complications in cataract surgery has decreased, meanwhile, the additional procedures may also bring new complications. In-depth understanding of the research progress of cataract surgery in microphthalmos and the prevention of complications is of great guiding significance to improve surgical outcomes, and can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications such as uveal effusion syndrome, secondary glaucoma and corneal edema, and promote personalized treatments for microphthalmos patients who suffered from cataract.

Objective: To apply and evaluate the midwifery quality evaluation index system constructed in the early stage and verify its practical value as a midwifery quality evaluation tool. Methods: Thirteen hospitals of different grades and natures in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta region were selected as the research objects. Three comprehensive evaluation methods, weighted technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, weighted rank sum ratio (WRSR) method and simple additive weighted (SAW) method, were used to rank the quality of midwifery in the 13 hospitals. The results of the 3 methods were comprehensively ranked by the combination evaluation method. Kendall concordance coefficient was used to test the consistency of the three comprehensive evaluation results. Results: The 13 hospitals consist of 3 comprehensive hospitals of Grade Ⅲ Class A, 3 obstetrics and gynecology hospitals of Grade Ⅲ Class A, 1 comprehensive hospital of Grade Ⅲ Class B, 2 obstetrics and gynecology hospitals of Grade Ⅲ Class B, 1 comprehensive hospital of Grade Ⅱ Class A, 2 obstetrics and gynecology hospitals of Grade Ⅱ Class A, and 1 obstetrics and gynecology hospital of Grade Ⅱ Class B. Although the ranking results of the 13 hospitals evaluated by the 3 comprehensive evaluation methods were slightly different with the Kendall harmony coefficient W=0.794, which proved that they had high consistency. Top 4 of the 13 hospitals by the combination evaluation on the midwifery quality were H10, H4, H1 and H2. It was basically consistent with the predicted result of the research hypothesis (H1, H2 and H10 should be among the best in midwifery quality). Conclusion: The evaluation results of midwifery quality evaluation index system are stable. The index system can reflect the midwifery quality and has high clinical practical value which can be used as a scientific tool for midwifery quality evaluation.

Abnormal lipid metabolism and renal ectopic lipid accumulation have been associated with the occurrence and development of kidney diseases, particularly in diabetic nephropathy. However, the drugs commonly used in clinic to treat hypercholesterolemia, such as statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, can effectively reduce the blood lipid level, but fail to delay the progress of kidney disease. In recent years, an increasing number of research studies have focused on the impact of free fat acids (FFA) metabolism on kidney function. The profiles and metabolism of fatty acids are altered in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and deregulated fatty acid metabolism contributes to further kidney damage. Furthermore, the role of FFA transporter in the progression of kidney diseases is gradually recognized. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent preclinical researches of fatty acid transporter fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2) expressed in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells.

Objective: To explore the effects of dodecanoylcarnitine (DA) and myristoleic acid (MA) on the function of mouse alveolar epithelial cell line MLE-12 and their underlying mechanisms. Methods: An inflammatory model was established by stimulating MLE-12 cells with IL-4. The expression levels of DA, MA, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the cell supernatant were detected by ELISA. MLE-12 cells were separately intervened with DA and MA. RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression changes of inflammatory factors IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, Western blot was performed to detect the expression of key proteins such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-38 MAPK) and src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1). To explore the role of S1PR2 in the effects of DA and MA, MLE-12 cells were pretreated with the S1PR2 inhibitor JTE-013, and the above experiments were repeated. Results: IL-4 stimulation significantly upregulated the levels of DA, MA, and S1P in MLE-12 cells (P<0.05). DA/MA treatment groups exhibited significantly increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α compared with the control group (P<0.05), along with elevated ROS levels (P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that DA/MA promoted SHP-1 dephosphorylation and phosphorylated p38 MAPK activation in MLE-12 cells. Notably, JTE-013 pre-treatment completely reversed these effects (P<0.05). Conclusion: Asthma-related metabolites DA and MA exacerbate the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of MLE-12 cells by activating the S1PR2 receptor, promoting the dephosphorylation of SHP-1 and the activation of the p-p38 MAPK pathway. This study reveals the core regulatory role of S1PR2 in this pathway as well.

Objective: To develop a precise and efficient single-disease management model to reduce the intensity of antibiotic use. Methods: Data was collected from surgical inpatient admissions at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between Jan 2022 and Mar 2024. The study focused on the six most prevalent types of malignant tumors within single-disease management. Surgical patients who did not receive single-disease quality management from Jan 2022 to Jun 2023 were designated as the control group, while surgical patients who received single-disease quality management from Jul 2023 to Mar 2024 served as the management group. By formulating and implementing standardized policies and guidelines for antibiotic use, supervision and effect evaluation were conducted across departments. Results: A total of 21 746 individuals were included in the control group and 15 635 in the management group. Following the introduction of the single-disease management model, the proportion of non-restricted antibiotics used in various single diseases increased from 73.2%-77.0% before management to 78.3%-84.4% after management, while the usage of restricted antibiotics significantly decreased (P < 0.001). The intensity of antibiotic use, measured in defined daily doses (DDDs), fell significantly from 113.0-159.9 before management to 36.0-44.0 after management (P < 0.001). Moreover, compared with the control group, the average length of stay in the intervention group did not change considerably, although the length of stay increased for some diseases, possibly due to more precise medication adjustments. Conclusion: The single-disease management model optimizes antibiotic use, reduces the intensity of antibiotic use, and enhances overall medical quality and patient safety.

Objective: To investigate the role of Sneathia sanguinegens (S.sanguinegens) in the development of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Methods: A case-control study was conducted to analyze the vaginal flora characteristics of 65 patients with URSA and 18 healthy controls through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Toxicity profile of S.sanguinegens on human cervical cancer cells (ME-180), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human placental choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3) was analyzed at the cellular level to assess the mechanism of it in adverse pregnancy outcomes. And S.sanguinegens was used to infect C57BL/6J mice to explore the toxic effect on living organisms. Results: The relative abundance of Sneathia was increased in patients with URSA compared with healthy controls. It was positively correlated with the number of miscarriages, and was attributed to S.sanguinegens. We also found that S.sanguinegens damaged ME-180, JEG-3 and HUVEC cells. The degree of cellular damage was related to the level of S.sanguinegens added. Intravenous infection with S.sanguinegens caused inflammatory damage in several organs and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. Conclusion: S.sanguinegens is closely related to URSA and should be emphasized in patients with high vaginal bacterial load.

With the continuous development of perinatal medicine and neonatology, although the survival rate of infants with low gestational age and low birth weight has improved, the incidence of neurodevelopmental morbidities remains high. Breast milk is the preferred source of enteral nutrition for preterm infants, playing an important role in growth, development, immunity, metabolism, and other functions. Of particular note is its effect on the nervous system, not only promoting brain development and maturation in preterm infants, but also effectively reducing the incidence and severity of brain injury, thereby improving long-term neurological outcomes. This review aims to explore the effects of breast milk on brain injury and repair, brain structural maturation, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants, in order to further enhance the understanding of the importance of breast milk for the neurodevelopment of preterm infants.

The data from outpatient prescriptions of small-size aspirin enteric-coated tablets (25 mg/tablet) in a community hospital were analyzed to provide reference for rational clinical drug use. Patients' medication information of 1 325 prescriptions was collected and analyzed by defined daily dose system (DDDs) and drug utilization index (DUI), and the rationality of drug use was analyzed according to drug instructions and literature. The mean age of males and females were (73.70±8.33) years old and (72.95±8.34) years old, respectively. The top 3 DDDs age groups were women aged 60-79 years, men aged 60-79 years and women aged 80-99 years. The proportion of prescriptions in female patients was 59.62%. DUI ranges from 0.75 to 0.85. Irrational drug use was found in 123 prescriptions, including 89 prescriptions (72.35%) of inappropriate drug selection, 19 prescriptions (15.45%) with low dose, 6 prescriptions (4.88%) with contraindication, 5 prescriptions (4.06%) with inconsistent frequency of administration, 2 prescriptions (1.63%) of out-of-indication drug use, and 2 prescriptions (1.63%) of high dose. For the phenomenon of irrational drug use, it is necessary to conduct real-time intervention to ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use.

Objective: To develop a simple method for producing mice adipose stem cells with highly efficient adipogenic differentiation capability. Methods: Subcutaneous adipose tissue was extracted from wild-type mice. By strictly controlling the digestion time of collagenase, we compared the number of adipose stem cells and their adipogenic differentiation ability obtained for different digestion times. Further, flow cytometry was used to clarify the differences in mesenchymal cells and vascular components at different digestion times. Results: The adipose stem cells obtained after 40 minutes of digestion by collagenase exhibited over 90% adipogenic differentiation ability in vitro, while those obtained after 60 minutes of digestion only showed 20% adipogenic differentiation ability. The main reason for this discrepancy was the presence of a portion of vascular-related cells in the latter. Conclusion: By controlling the digestion time of collagenase in adipose tissue, we have established an efficient method for preparing adipose stem cells with high adipogenic differentiation potential. The obtained adipose stem cells exhibit over 90% adipogenic differentiation ability in vitro.

胡懋廉（1899—1971），字洁民，天津人。医学教育家，国家一级教授，中国现代耳鼻喉科学奠基人之一。1921年毕业于国立北京医学专门学校，1931年赴美国哈佛大学医学院耳鼻喉科深造并获得博士学位。历任上海公济医院院长、上海第一医学院附属眼耳鼻喉科医院首任院长、上海第一医学院副院长。曾当选为第三届全国政协委员、第三届全国人民代表大会代表、第一至第五届上海市人民代表大会代表、上海市人民委员会委员。他从事医疗和教育工作近50年，为我国耳鼻喉科学创建和发展作出了巨大贡献。

The impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on maternal and fetal outcomes is well-established. However, the relationship between high-normal blood pressure (BP) and HDP, as well as its association with adverse maternal-fetal outcomes, remains unclear. This retrospective study analyzed singleton pregnancies delivered at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from Jan 2021 to Dec 2021. Participants were categorized into a normal BP group (BP < 130/80 mmHg before delivery admission) and two high-normal BP groups (BP: 130-139/80-89 mmHg) with subgroup analysis based on gestational week of BP elevation before and after 20 weeks. Maternal characteristics, HDP incidence and adverse outcomes were compared across groups. The results demonstrated that compared with the normal BP group, both high-normal BP groups showed significantly increased HDP incidence, with more pronounced risk in the high-normal BP (after 20 weeks) group. The high-normal BP (before 20 weeks) group was associated with elevated risks of iatrogenic preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA). This study provides a theoretical basis for implementing stricter BP monitoring strategies to reduce adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the peripheral blood cytokine levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to analyze its correlation with Killip classification, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), and to provide a theoretical basis for assessing the severity and prognosis of the disease. Methods: A total of 312 patients with AMI admitted to Minhang Hospital, Fudan University from Jul 2021 to Oct 2023 were enrolled as the case group, and 201 patients with unstable angina pectoris were selected as the control group. General clinical data of the subjects were collected, and the concentrations of cytokines (IL-5, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in peripheral blood were detected by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry. NT-proBNP, cTnI and CK-MB were measured by chemiluminescence methods. The levels of cytokines between the two groups were compared, and their correlations with Killip classification, NT-proBNP, cTnI and CK-MB were analyzed. The predictive efficacy of cytokines for AMI was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline data between the AMI group and the control group (P > 0.05), with the exception of age. The levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the AMI group were higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). The correlation analyses showed that IL-6 was positively correlated with Killip classification, NT-proBNP, cTnI and CK-MB (all P < 0.01). ROC analyses showed that IL-6 levels had good predictive efficacy for AMI (AUC=0.882 9, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The expression of IL-6 was significantly increased in patients with AMI, and it was positively correlated with Killip classification, NT-proBNP, cTnI and CK-MB, suggesting that IL-6 may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the severity of AMI.

Objective: To preliminarily explore the safety of collecting colostrum in the third trimester, and to evaluate postpartum breastfeeding in pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Methods: Pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy who had prenatal examinations in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from Jul to Nov 2022 were prospectively divided into the colostrum collection group (n=52) in the third trimester and the control group (n=55) by randomized controlled grouping method. The t-test, χ² test, Fisher's exact probability method and rank sum test were used for statistical analysis of the data to compare the delivery outcomes, neonatal outcomes and postpartum breastfeeding status between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in the gestational weeks at delivery, delivery methods, breastfeeding rates at 42 days postpartum and 4 months postpartum between the two groups of pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. There were also no significant differences in the Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth and the neonatal hospitalization rate. The proportion of formula milk as the first supplementary feeding after delivery and the delayed lactation rate at 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Collecting colostrum in the third trimester among pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is safe, and it can reduce the rate of supplementary feeding with formula milk after delivery, and increase the exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum.