Distribution of potassium ion (K⁺) among extracellular/intracellular fluid and subcellular organelles is in dynamic equilibrium under exquisite manipulation. K⁺ is most abundant in nuclei, which is followed by cytoplasmic matrix, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome. Intracellular potassium homeostasis has great significance. It plays important roles in cell morphology maintenance, enzyme activities and energy metabolism modulation, biosynthesis of genetic material, cell proliferation and death, cell repair and migration, and immune response. Also, intracellular potassium disturbance is closely related to tumor, acute ischemic injuries, autoimmune diseases, endocrine diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Correcting intracellular potassium disturbance has become a novel direction in clinical therapy. We give an overview of the current physiological condition, measuring techniques, regulation mechanisms and physiological/pathological significances of intracellular potassium homeostasis.

Itch is an unpleasant physical sensation that can cause scratching behavior. Chronic itch is a burdensome clinical problem of many skin diseases and some systemic diseases. Stubborn and severe itch seriously affects the physical and mental health as well as the quality of life of patients. It is important to use assortments of preclinical itch models to identify itch mechanisms, and to foster the development of better anti-pruritus drugs. In recent years, a variety of animal models of itch have been established, and advances have been made in basic itch research. The present study summarizes the commonly used mouse models in the research of itch and the frequently utilized behavioral evaluation for assessing the scratching, that provides a reference for the future itching and antipruritic research.

Phosphine is a highly toxic gas. In recent years, the number of deaths caused by phosphine poisoning has been increasing, which poses a great threat to human safety. But so far, there is no specific antidote or first aid, diagnosis and treatment for phosphine poisoning. In this review, the physical and chemical properties of phosphine poisoning, poisoning background and symptoms, emergency treatment measures, combining the study of forensic toxicology mechanisms and detection methods, are analyzed to provide theoretical basis for the timely diagnosis and treatment of clinical patients suspected of phosphine poisoning.

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a chronic autoimmune disease with the characteristics of early onset, long course, high disability rate and heavy disease burden, which seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients. So far, there are no guidelines or expert consensus on the chronic disease management of TAK. Therefore, we have developmented the first domestic multidisciplinary recommendations on the chronic diseases management throughout the entire course of TAK, aiming to standardize the diagnosis and treatment process, improve the diagnosis and treatment level, and improve the prognosis of the disease for clinicians in relevant disciplines. The keypoints of this consensus include: (1) TAK has an early onset and high mortality rate. Early screening of the disease with a focus on middle-aged and young people with abnormal blood pressure, weakened or absent pulse, neck pain, or cervical vascular murmurs should be emphasized; (2) 2022 ACR/EULAR classification standard is recommended for the diagnosis of TAK; (3) The comprehensive assessment includes disease activity, vascular injury, important organ structures and functions related to vascular injury, disease risk, comorbidities, and quality of life; (4) Kerr score is recommended to assess disease activity; (5) A comprehensive vascular assessment is recommended, ultrasound, MRA, CTA, and PET/CT can all be used as imaging methods for the diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of TAK; (6) Wall thickening, T2 weighted high signal, and wall enhancement on MRA; appearance of thickening, enhancement, and low attenuation loops in the vascular wall on CTA; and an increase in SUV value of the wall on PET/CT, indicating wall inflammation; (7) In disease diagnosis and follow-up, the structure and function of important organs are recommended to be evaluated based on clinical manifestations, affected vascular sites, and severity; (8) The treatment of TAK should be dominated by the rheumatologists, and a "patient-centered" chronic disease management model should be established under a multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment to achieve full course standardized treatment; (9) Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the basic medication for inducing remission, which should be combined with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to achieve disease remission. Attention should be paid to drug efficacy and side effects; (10) Revascularization emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary teams (MDT) to negotiate and make decisions on the premise of stable disease control after sufficient anti-inflammatory treatment in the internal medicine department. Sequential internal medicine treatment and evaluation are still required after surgery; (11) Patients with pregnancy needs need to be comprehensively evaluated by the MDT to choose the appropriate timing of pregnancy, and closely monitored and followed up during pregnancy and childbirth; (12) Vaccination is best carried out during the stable period of the disease. During the use of glucocorticoids and DMARDs, inactivated vaccine can be inoculated, while live vaccine should be avoided; (13) Strengthen popular science promotion, improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment level of TAK in relevant disciplines and grassroots medical workers, enhance patients' awareness and self-management ability of the disease, and implement a full lifecycle disease management model through tripartite collaboration between doctors, nurses, and patients.

Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (G-EAC) is the most common non-HPV-related cervical adenocarcinoma.The pathogenesis of the disease is currently unclear.G-EAC has a high degree of malignancy, and develops rapidly with non-specific clinical manifestations, hidden lesions and the poor prognosis.There is no relationship between G-EAC and HPV infection, therefore it's difficult to detect by routine cervical cancer screening, and it's easy to be misdiagnosed or never diagnosed.Compared with HPV-positive cervical cancer, the screening methods for this disease are limited, and early diagnosis is very difficult.In this paper, the diagnosis and treatment process of a G-EAC patient was reviewed, combined with literature review and Chinese expert consensus on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of G-EAC. The clinical manifestations and the current situation of diagnosis and treatment was analyzed, which indicates the importance of gynecological examination and tertiary diagnosis and treatment procedures.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of FuFang ShaJiZiYou suppository in postmenopausal women before colposcopy. Methods: This was a prospective non-randomized non-blind clinical controlled study. A total of 204 postmenopausal patients requiring colposcopy from Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled. Combining doctor's suggestions and patient's wishes, the patients were divided into 4 groups according to whether vaginal medication was used or differernt type of medication before colposcopy: promestriene group (G1, 72 cases), estradiol cream group (G2, 13 cases), FuFang ShaJiZiYou suppository group (G3, 47 cases) and no medication group(G4, 72 cases). The general conditions, colposcopy scores of each group, and the coincidence rate between colposcopy diagnosis and postoperative pathology was compared. Results: The average medication time lasted 13.7 days in G1 group, 12.3 days in G2 group and 9.0 days in G3 group, respectively. The medication time in G3 group was significantly shorter than that in G1 group and G2 group (P < 0.001). Compared with G4 group, the application of promestriene, estradiol cream and FuFang ShaJiZiYou suppository had lower colposcopy score and more satisfactory colposcopy image. In addition, the colposcopy score in G2 group and G3 group were lower than that in G1 group, and the colposcopy image was more satisfactory (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between colposcopic diagnosis and postoperative pathology in the 4 groups(P=0.846). Conclusion: The application of FuFang ShaJiZiYou suppository in postmenopausal women before colposcopy has the advantages of shorter medication time, lower medical cost, high satisfaction with colposcopy, and does not affect the coincidence rate between colposcopy diagnosis and postoperative pathology.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. More than 80%-90% of hepatocellular carcinoma arises from hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review focuses on the impact of liver fibrosis on immune microenvironment. Liver fibrosis involving hepatic stellate cells, myofibroblasts, cancer-related fibroblasts and extracellular matrix affects innate and adaptive immunity through relevant pathways. An immunosuppressive microenvironment derived from liver fibrosis promotes the initiation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a kind of chronic non-specific vasculitis. It is commonly treated with glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and biologic and targeted agents. However, there are still problems of low disease remission rate and continuous progression of vascular lesions. In traditional Chinese medicine, TAK belongs to the category of "pulse bi". Traditional Chinese medicine played an irreplaceable role in relieving clinical symptoms, improving life quality and disease prognosis, and preventing recurrence. In this review, the authors summarized the pathogenesis, famous traditional Chinese medicine experts' theories and clinical experiences of TAK. The theory of reducing side effects and enhancing anti-inflammation effects was put forward. Based on the combination of different disease stages and syndromes, we integrated treatments of Chinese and western medicine of TAK, so as to form a new treatment model and strategy for improving long-term prognosis of TAK patients.

Objective: To clear the intestinal commensal microbiota by using antibiotics in order to investigate the effect of commensal microbiota on atherosclerosis in ApoE^-/- mice with different diets. Methods: The ApoE^-/- mice were fed with normal chow diet and high-fat diet respectively, and antibiotics (vancomycin+metronidazole+neomycin sulfate+ampicillin) were used to intervene for 14 weeks. The formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of mice was evaluated by oil red O staining. The serum lipid metabolism and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and LPS were detected by ELISA. The expressions of inflammatory factors and tight junction proteins in the ileal and colonic epithelial cells of mice were also measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Results: With normal chow diet, the atherosclerotic plaques of mice increased significantly in the antibiotic intervention group (P=0.016). The levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α in antibiotics group mice were significantly increased (P=0.005, P=0.021). The expressions of inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α in ileal tissue of mice were significantly increased (P=0.003, P=0.007), and the expression of tight junction protein in intestinal tissue was significantly decreased (P < 0.050). With high-fat diet, the formation of atherosclerotic plaque of the mice in the antibiotic group were decreased (P=0.040); the serum total cholesterol level was decreased (P < 0.001), and the serum LPS level was also decreased (P=0.003). The expressions of inflammatory factors TNF-α (ileum: P=0.030, colon: P=0.029), IL-6 (ileum: P=0.040, colon: P=0.001) and IL-1β (ileum: P=0.004, colon: P=0.017) in intestinal tissue were significantly decreased, while the expression of tight junction protein in intestinal epithelial cells didn't change. Conclusion: The lack of intestinal commensal microbiota increases the level of systemic inflammation in ApoE^-/- mice and promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, which suggests that normal intestinal commensal bacteria may have a protective effect on atherosclerosis in ApoE^-/- mice.

The appropriate weight gain during pregnancy has a critical impact on the short and long term health of both mother and child. The implementation of weight management strategies during pregnancy can help to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications and the maternal and fetal adverse events. However, it is difficult to carry out effective pregnancy weight management in clinical research. In this article, we reviewed the current standards, theoretical models, implementation paths and implementation contents of weight management during pregnancy, in order to provide a research basis for the development of weight management strategies for women in pregnancy in the future.

Objective: To construct a COVID-19 forecast model based on time-varying reproduction number and develop a visualization platform. Methods: The daily number of COVID-19 infections reported by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission was fitted into a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the time-varying reproduction number for the period of Mar 1 and Apr 29 and forecast the epidemic for the period of Apr 30 and May 6. The performance of forecast was assessed by randomised probability integral transform and ranked probability scoring. Data visualization platform was developed by Python, R, and other open resource software. Results: The time-varying reproduction number of the epidemic in Shanghai dropped below 1 on Apr 5 for the first time, and the model predicted that the "dynamic clearance" would be achieved in mid-late June. The probability distribution of the model forecasts and the observed values were statistically consistent (P=0.12) and had a good concentration (382.53±105.29). The visualization platform, which integrated the observed trend and the forecasted dynamics, was publicly available on Apr 19, 2022. Conclusion: The epidemic forecast model performed well. The visualization platform which fills the gap of in-depth data mining of COVID-19 in China can be quickly expanded to other cities with COVID-19 epidemic.

Objective: To investigate whether macrophage pyroptosis is involved in the lung injury of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods: Forty full-term newborn mice were divided into room air (RA) group and hyperoxia (HO) group (n=20 for each group). BPD mouse model was induced by chronic hyperoxia. Alveolarization was assessed by HE staining. Pulmonary vascular development was detected by CD31 immunohistochemistry. The degree of fibrosis was analyzed by Masson staining. The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in lung tissue were quantified by qRT-PCR for Il6, Il1b, Mmp12, Ccl2, Ccl5 and Il8. Concentrations of IL-1β was detected by ELISA in serum and lung homogenates. The expressions of pyroptosis-associated proteins, NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, N-gasdermin D (GSDMD) and mature IL-1β were evaluated by Western blot. The proportion of macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was detected by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence co-localization of F4/80 with NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β was performed. AQP5 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the RA group, alveolar block and pulmonary angiogenesis disorder were observed in the HO group, and pulmonary fibrosis was significantly increased. In lung tissue of HO group, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly up-regulated, the expression levels of pyroptosis-associated proteins were significantly increased; the levels of IL-1β in serum and lung homogenate were significantly increased; the proportion of macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly increased, and there was a significant immunofluorescence co-localization of F4/80 with NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in lung tissue; AQP5-positive alveolar type Ⅰ epithelial cells were severely damaged. Conclusion: Hyperoxia-induced hyperactivation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD mediated pyroptosis may lead to lung injury in a hyperoxia-exposed BPD mouse model.

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and outcomes of localized pulmonary infection by Scedosporium apiospermum (S. apiospermum) in order to provide evidence for diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We reviewed 8 patients diagnosed with S.apiospermum pulmonary infection from Jan 2018 to Dec 2021 at the department of infectious disease of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. The clinical data, radiological findings, treatment and prognosis of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among the 8 patients, there were 3 males and 5 females, with an average age of 58 (27-76) years. Identified by MALDI-TOF MS, 6 cases were S. apiospermum and 2 cases were S.boydii. There was 1 case had systemic sclerosis with pulmonary interstitial disease and diabetes, treated with Prednisone 10 mg/qd and Mycophenolate Mofetil 0.5 g/qd, 6 cases were accompanied by underlying pulmonary diseases, and 1 case had no underlying disease. The most common clinical symptoms were cough, followed by sputum production, haemoptysis, fever, dyspnea and weight loss. The mean BMI was 19.5 (15.6-23.2) kg/m², and the BMI was less than 18.5 kg/m² in 4 cases. The white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts and procalcitonin (PCT) were normal in all patients. The average value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were 32 mm/h (increased in 4 cases) and 24.8 mg/L (increased in 5 cases). G test and GM test were negative. The average CD4 lymphocyte count of patients was 512.8 (226.0-943.0) /μL, and the counts of 5 cases were < 500/μL. The chest CT findings were diverse: bronchiectasis (5 cases), nodules (3 cases), consolidation (3 cases), cavities (2 cases), pleural thickening (2 cases), and tree bud sign (2 cases), and various imaging findings often existed in combination. All the patients were treated with voriconazole, and 4 patients developed liver insufficient and visual hallucination after taking the medicine were stopped or adjusted to posaconazole. Follow up for 6 months after the start of treatment, the clinical symptoms of all patients were significantly improved. In imaging, 5 cases were absorbed, 2 cases were similar, and 1 case was deteriorated, which was considered to be caused by mycobacterium infection. Conclusion: The clinical and imaging manifestations of localized pulmonary infection by S. apiospermum are non-specific, inflammation markers ESR and hs-CRP are only slightly elevated, and the positive rates of G test and GM test are low, which make early diagnosis difficult. All the patients were treated with voriconazole and the overall prognosis is good.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of bromodomain containing 2 (Brd2) on mouse C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Methods: The expression of Brd2 in skeletal muscle tissues of muscular dystrophy patients was identified via Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Using differentiation medium that contained 2% horse serum to induce C2C12 myogenic differentiation, Brd2 protein level was detected by Western blot assay during the progression. Brd2 was knocked down or overexpressed in C2C12 cells by lentivirus-mediated transfection, cell morphological changes and protein levels of some differentiation markers were determined by immunofluorescence or Western blot assay during the differentiation process. Additionally, transcriptome sequence analysis and its related experiments were used to explore the possible regulatory signaling pathways of Brd2 in C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Results: Brd2 is low expressed in skeletal muscle of muscular dystrophy patients. In the process of inducing myogenic differentiation, Brd2 expression increased on day 2 and decreased on day 8. Knockdown of Brd2 inhibited the differentiation of myoblasts, while overexpression of Brd2 promoted the process. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was regulated by Brd2. Conclusion: Brd2 promotes myogenic differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that Brd2 may be beneficial for skeletal muscle regeneration.

Objective: To explore the profile of serum lipid metabolism in children with severe asthma and mild-to-moderate asthma, and investigate the potential plasma markers of children with severe asthma. Methods: Children with asthma from database of Children's Hospital, Fudan University were enrolled and divided into severe asthma group (n=50) and mild-to-moderate asthma group (n=54) during Sept 1, 2019 to Apr 30, 2021. Plasma from the children was collected to detect lipid molecules by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare the differences in lipid molecules between the two groups. The main disturbed metabolic pathways were analyzed by the KEGG database. The diagnostic value of significantly different lipid molecules for severe asthma was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The average ages of severe asthma group and mild-to-moderate asthma group were (8.8±2.6) years and (8.4±2.8) years, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age and gender (P=0.075 and 0.422). Eosinophil percentage and eosinophil count were higher in the severe asthma group than in the mild-to-moderate asthma group. FEV₁/FVC, %predicted FEF50, %predicted FEF75, %predicted MMEF were lower in the severe asthma group than those in the mild-to-moderate asthma group (P=0.003, 0.005, 0.005, 0.003 respectively). There were 39 different kinds of lipid molecules between the two groups. phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (47∶10) and phosphatidylserine (PS) (40∶2) were the only two molecules with fold change (FC) > 1.5. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that the differential metabolites participated in five metabolic pathways, including choline metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. ROC curve showed the AUC values of clinical baseline variables combined with PE (47∶10) or with PS (40∶2) were 0.928 (95%CI: 0.851-1.000) and 0.923 (95%CI: 0.863-0.983), respectively, both higher than those of baseline module, which was 0.737 (95%CI: 0.640-0.834). Conclusion: Lipid metabolism was significantly altered in children with severe asthma, and 39 differential lipid molecules were identified, with the most significant disturbance in the choline metabolic pathway; PE (47∶10) and PS (40∶2) may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of severe asthma.

Objective: To investigate the value of non-contrast CT 3D-radiomics based machine learning model for detecting aortic dissection (AD), and Stanford type A AD. Methods: A total of 128 patients who were suspected AD and underwent both thoracic and abdominal non-contrast and enhanced CT examination in Huadong Hospital, Fudan University between Jul 2011 and Jul 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. Radiologists made a diagnosis of AD based on the presentation of the enhanced CT images. The patients were randomly divided into the training set (n=89) and the validation set (n=39) in a 7∶3 ratio with simple random sampling. 3D slicer was used to manually delineate volumetric region of interest (VOI) on the non-contrast CT images. Pyradiomics was utilized to extract radiomics features from these images. The optimal feature set was selected using Spearman correlation coefficient and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. Subsequently, support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, random forest, eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting (LightGBM), and extra trees models were individually constructed based on this optimal feature set. The evaluation metrics included the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), F1 score, accuracy, and recall. Results: In the training set, 35 radiomics features were selected, and based on these 35 features, the XGBoost model demonstrated the best performance in detecting AD. In the validation set, the XGBoost model achieved an AUC of 0.982, an F1 score of 0.960, an accuracy of 96.2%, and a recall of 100.0% in AD detection. Further for detecting Stanford type A AD, the optimal feature set consisted of 14 radiomic features in the training set. In the validation set, random forest model had the best performance, with the AUC of 0.852, F1 score of 0.625, accuracy of 76.9% and recall of 100.0%. Conclusion: The non-contrast CT 3D-radiomics based machine learning model is valuable in detecting AD and Stanford type A AD.

Objective: To explore the severity of loneliness among the elderly in communities in Shanghai, and to identify factors associated with social and emotional loneliness respectively. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in older adults aged 65 years or above in Pudong New Area, Jing'an District and Huangpu District in Shanghai from Mar to Jun 2021. In Pudong New Area, multi-stage stratified random sampling was conducted based on the age and gender distribution of Shanghai, while in Huangpu District and Jing'an District convenience sampling was conducted. A total of 635 samples were included in the study. Loneliness was assessed using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale with social and emotional loneliness subscales. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with social and emotional loneliness. Results: Among the 635 participants, only 53 older adults (8.4%)were not lonely. Female (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.31-0.70), higher self-efficacy (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.94-1.00), more objective social support (OR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99) were associated with less severe social loneliness. Meanwhile, higher level of education (secondary education, OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.34-0.95; college or above, OR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.11-0.83) and higher self-efficacy (OR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99) were associated with less severe emotional loneliness, while depression (OR=3.41, 95%CI: 1.76-6.60) and worse social capital (OR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.29-3.16) were associated with more severe emotional loneliness. Conclusion: Up to 91.6% of the elderly in our study sample were moderately lonely or above. The factors associated with social loneliness include self-efficacy, gender and social support. The factors associated with emotional loneliness are self-efficacy, education level, depression, and social capital.

Objective: To develop a noninvasive method for expressing adeno-associated virus（AAV）in the peripheral nervous system to specifically manipulate ganglionic neurons. Methods: P0 mice were intraperitoneally injected 10 μL AAV2/9-EGFP with a viral titer of（2-5）×10¹² vg/mL. When the mice were 2 months old，the tissues and organs were perfused and cut into slices. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on sections to observe the brightness and range of enhanced green fluorescent protein（EGFP）and determine the virus infection. Results: 69.11%±1.42% dorsal root ganglion（DRG）neurons，7.08%±1.16% trigeminal ganglion（TG）neurons，32.46%±1.81% nodose ganglion（NG）neurons，and 4.76%±0.29% sympathetic ganglion（SG）neurons were infected，while neurons in brain，spinal cord and internal organs were rarely infected. Conclusion: This method can specifically infect ganglionic neurons，but has extremely low efficiency in infecting glial cells，central nervous system neurons，or peripheral organs. It can be used to specifically manipulate ganglionic neurons.

Asthma is a complex respiratory disease with significant gender differences in incidence, morbidity symptoms and complications, yet the biological mechanisms leading to gender differences in asthma remain unclear. In this review, we systematized the gender differences in asthma with age based on the characteristics of asthma onset in male and female patients at different ages, and analyzed the possible potential biological mechanisms involved, in order to provide more options for gender-oriented asthma treatment.

This article introduced the basic theory of quantile regression and its application in medical and public health research for methodological reference. We fit the quantile regression model to cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to estimate the association between sleep duration and depression levels at different quantiles of depression levels. The method showed that among people with low levels of depression, sleep duration was not significantly associated with depression level. While among people with higher levels of depression, the association of sleep duration with depression level became much more pronounced. The real data analysis shows that quantile regression can provide a comprehensive analysis of association between exposure and continuous outcome, and identify subgroups that are more sensitive to exposure, providing recommendations for targeted interventions. The method showed promising application value in medical and public health research.

Monkeypox(MPX) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus(MPXV), mostly self-limited and lacks specific drugs in the past. Since May 2022, there has been a remarkable increase in human monkeypox cases in different regions of the world. Some countries have used antiviral drugs against smallpox (such as tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir, etc.) and vaccinia immune globulin as MPX specific treatment drugs, mainly for severe and high-risk groups. Although smallpox vaccination may have a protective effect against MPXV and may improve clinical symptoms, the need for vaccination depends on the immune status of susceptible or exposed individuals, the risk of infection, the severity of infection that may occur, and availability of antiviral drugs to make a comprehensive decision. There are three smallpox vaccines currently available in different countries: JYNNEOSTM, ACAM2000^® and Aventis Pasteur smallpox vaccine, the first two of which are currently recommended for MPX vaccination. Vaccination strategies include pre-exposure vaccination, post-exposure prophylaxis, and ring vaccination of close contacts. We reviewed the background knowledge, epidemiology, preventive treatment and other aspects of MPX, hoping to provide help for MPX prevention and emergency management.

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) usually refers to percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) and percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID). Compared with conventional open discectomy, the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with PELD has the advantages of rapid recovery, short hospital stay, satisfactory surgical results, etc, and has little impact on normal physiological tissue structure and spinal stability, so PELD has gradually become the mainstream of clinical surgery. With the aging of the social population structure, the incidence rate of LDH has increased, which has seriously affected the quality of life of patients and caused a certain social burden. This article aims to introduce PELD technology and further summarize the methods of PELD in the treatment of complex migrated lumbar disc herniation.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) irrigation in the treatment of medium-risk and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and to establish a predictive model with preoperative blood routine indexes in order to screen the patients who can gain benefit. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 258 medium- and high-risk NMIBC patients admitted to the department of urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from Jan 2014 to Jan 2019. All patients were treated with intravesical BCG injection after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The preoperative blood indexes and clinicopathological information of the patients were recorded. In the training set (n=180), LASSO regression and Cox multivariate regression models were used to screen prognostic factors in order to establish an efficacy predictive model. C-index was used to verify the predictive efficacy of the model, and the validation was carried out in the validation set (n=78). Results: All the 258 patients were followed up effectively, the median follow-up time was 53.0 months (12.0-98.2 months). The overall recurrence rate was 31.0% (80/258), the 1-year recurrence rate was 15.1% (39/258) and the 3-year recurrence rate was 25.6% (66/258). The screening of neutrophils, white blood cell and C-reactive protein (CRP) by LASSO regression could be used as prognostic factors. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that re-TURBT (P=0.001), age (> 70, P=0.008), CRP (P=0.002), and neutrophils (P=0.044) were independent predictors of the efficacy of BCG treatment. The C-index of the predictive model in the training set and the verification set were 0.744 and 0.847, respectively. Conclusion: Intravesical BCG irrigation is effective for the treatment of medium-risk and high-risk NMIBC. The established prognostic model (including neutrophils, CRP, age and re-TURBT) was more accurate in predicting the efficacy of intravesical BCG irrigation in non-muscular invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: To analyze the combined effect of body mass index (BMI) and age with cancer occurrence among a hypertensive population in Minhang District, Shanghai. Methods: Participants of this study were 212 394 hypertensive patients without cancer in Minhang District, Shanghai, registered in the electronic health information system from 2007 to 2015. Age and BMI were included as smoothing functions in the generalized additive Cox proportional risk model. The bivariate response model was constructed to visualize results using surface plots and to comprehensively analyze the association of BMI and age with the risk of cancer occurrence. Results: A total of 22 141 participants developed cancer by Dec 31, 2018. The association between age and the risk of cancer incidence showed an overall linear trend while the association between BMI and the risk of cancer incidence showed an overall "U" shape. BMI at about 26 kg/m² showed the lowest risk of cancer incidence. The risk of cancer occurrence increased with increasing age in people with different BMIs. The associations between BMI and the risk of cancer incidence were different at different age groups: there was no significant association between BMI and the risk of cancer incidence in the young people (20-44 years). While in the middle-aged and older people aged over 45 years, BMI was associated with the risk of cancer incidence in a "U" shape. The lowest risk of cancer incidence was around the BMI of 26 kg/m². Conclusion: BMI among the population with hypertension should be controlled in a reasonable range, especially in the middle-aged and older population, to prevent cancer occurrence.

Objective: To observe the effect of esketamine on postoperative recovery in children after endoscopic adenoidectomy. Methods: Sixty pediatric patients who underwent adenoidectomy with endoscope from Jan 2022 to Jan 2023 in Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University were enrolled. The pediatric patients were randomly divided into hydro-morphine group(n=30)and esketamine group(n=30). Anesthesia induction: lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg, propofol 2.5 mg/kg and remifentanil 4 μg/kg were injected intravenously, and then the endotracheal tube was used for airway management. Anesthesia maintenance: remifentanil infusion was at 0.2-0.5 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 and the end tidal concentration of sevoflurane was at 0.7-1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). At the end of surgery, either hydromorphone 0.01 mg/kg or esketamine 0.5 mg/kg were administered for postoperative pain control. Time to resume spontaneous breathing was recorded. Other parameters included respiratory rate per minute, duration of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit, hemodynamic profiles. The adverse events including agitation and desaturation were also of note. Results: Children in esketamine group resumed spontaneous breathing faster (P=0.048), had faster respiratory rate when recovery of spontaneous breathing (P=0.001) and lower concentration of end tidal CO₂ (P=0.005). The findings suggested that esketamine did not impair respiratory function. Compared to hydro-morphine group, children in esketamine group had shorter stay in the post-anesthesia care unit with statistical difference (P=0.020). Esketamine had no effect on heart rate and blood pressure, so there were less adverse events. Conclusion: Compared with 0.01 mg/kg hydro-morphine, 0.5 mg/kg esketamine does not impair respiratory function and it facilitate fast recovery in children undergoing endoscopic adenoidectomy after general anesthesia.

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic multisystemic disease in clinical practice. Long term chronic exposure to hyperglycaemia can damage the body's vascular system, eventually leading to microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, which seriously affect the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. The intercellular cascade signal transductin system plays a key role in diabetic microangiopathy. Exosomes are exocrine vesicles with a diameter of 40-160 nm that are released from a variety of cells into the extracellular space. They can carry a variety of bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, so as to complete the information transmission between cells. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding RNAs with a length of about 22 nucleotides, which can be encapsulated in vesicles to form exosomal miRNAs in exosomes. Exosome-delivered miRNAs in turn regulate phenotypic and functional changes in recipient cell functions. A number of studies have shown that exosomal miRNAs are key regulators of the occurrence and development of diabetic microvascular disease, and are expected to become diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for diabetic microvascular complications. We summarized the worldwide researches on exosomal miRNAs in diabetic microvascular complications in recent years, hoping to provide new ideas for the study of exosomal miRNAs in diabetic microvascular complications.

Objective: To evaluate the imaging characteristics of congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS) in children. Methods: Data of children diagnosed with congenital PSS during Mar 2008 to Dec 2022 in Children's Hospital of Fudan University were collected. The clinical and imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed. The morphology of the portal vein and its branches, the route of PSS, and the distribution of collateral vessels were observed by two radiologists independently. Results: Twenty-six children with congenital PSS were enrolled. CTA showed extrahepatic PSS in 16 cases (Ⅰb=4, Ⅱ=12), draining into inferior vena cava in 2 cases, left renal vein in 5 cases, internal iliac vein in 6 cases, and gastric coronary vein in 3 cases. The patients with shunts into internal iliac vein and gastric coronary vein all presented with upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding.The remaining 10 cases were intrahepatic PSS (Ⅰ=5, Ⅱ=2, Ⅲ=2 and Ⅳ=1). The development of portal vein and intrahepatic branches were normal. Two cases of extrahepatic type Ⅱ diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were misdiagnosed as extrahepatic type Ⅰb, because the CTA did not clearly show the branches of the intrahepatic portal vein. Two children with extrahepatic PSS type Ⅱ underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at the same time, and the findings were consistent with CTA, but the fine branches of the intrahepatic portal vein were poorly displayed. Conclusion: The anatomy of congenital PSS is diverse and CTA/MRA is an accurate imaging technique. However, for extrahepatic type Ⅰ PSS, DSA should be taken as the golden standard.

Objective: To investigate the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genotype distribution characteristics among male reproductive health outpatients, and to compare the differences among different age groups of outpatients. Methods: A total of 1 658 males, visited in the Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research from 2018 to 2022, were selected and 23 HPV genotypes were detected by PCR-reverse dot hybridization. Results: Among the 1 658 subjects, the overall HPV infection rate was 22.50%. Single infection accounted for 66.76%, which was the main infection type. HPV infection among different age groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001), with HPV infection of 16.83%, 22.87%, 34.63%, and 29.35% for 18-30, 31-40, 41-50, and ≥51 years, respectively. The top 5 high risk HPV genotypes were HPV52 (3.56%), HPV16 (3.26%), HPV39 (2.41%), HPV51 (2.17%), HPV58 (2.17%), and the top 1 low risk HPV genotype was HPV81 (2.90%). The proportions of infected individuals in this study that could be completely covered by bivalent, quadrivalent, and nine-valent HPV vaccines were 7.77%, 12.33%, and 26.27%, respectively. Conclusion: The predominant infection type among male reproductive health outpatients was single infection type. HPV 52, 16, 39, 51 and 58 were the most common high risk genotypes, while HPV 81 was the most common low risk genotype. Individuals aged 41-50 years had the highest HPV infection rate.

Objective: To explore the relationship and internal path between activities of daily living (ADL), sleep quality and mental health of community elderly people in Shanghai. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among community residents aged 60 years and older seeing doctors in community health care center of five streets in Shanghai during Sept to Dec, 2021 using convenience sampling. Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were adopted in the survey. Single factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. The effect relationship between the variables was tested using Bootstrap's mediated effects test. Results: A total of 1 864 participants were included in the study. The average score was 15.53±4.47 for ADL, 5.60±3.71 for PSQI and 15.50±6.28 for K10. The rate of ADL impairment, poor sleep quality, poor and very poor mental health of the elderly were 23.6%, 27.3%, 11.9% and 4.9%, respectively. ADL and sleep quality were all positively correlated with mental health(r=0.321, P < 0.001; r=0.466, P < 0.001); ADL was positively correlated with sleep quality(r=0.294, P < 0.001). Multiple linear results of factors influencing mental health showed that ADL (β=0.457, 95%CI: 0.341-0.573), sleep quality(β=0.667, 95%CI: 0.598-0.737) and mental health were positively correlated (P < 0.001). Sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between ADL and mental health (95%CI: 0.078-0.124) with an effect size of 33.0%. Conclusion: Sleep quality is a mediator between ADL and mental health among community elderly people. Improving ADL and sleep quality may improve mental health in the population.

Objective: To construct a training program based on real clinical scenarios to enhance the emergency response ability of pediatric medical staff in Shanghai. Methods: We obtained the medical records of patients who entered the emergency room from Jan 2019 to Dec 2021 in the outpatient and emergency electronic medical record system of the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University，then extracted the names and specific contents of emergency diagnosis and treatment activities. We formed a list of entrustable professional activities（EPAs）for pediatric emergency rescue combined with expert interviews and Delphi method. Authoritative experts in the field of emergency rated the relevance and importance of trustworthy professional activities and content in pediatric emergency rescue. Based on the aforementioned work，a training program for improving the emergency rescue ability of pediatric medical staff had been formed，and experts in emergency medicine，nursing，management，and teaching related fields were then invited for two rounds of correspondence and expert argumentation. Results: The training program for improving the emergency rescue ability of pediatric medical staff included two core sections：theory and skills. Meanwhile，different training methods were set based on the course content. As proved by the experts，the program was in line with clinical reality，and had strong scientific and practical significance. Conclusion: The training program for improving the emergency rescue ability of pediatric medical staff was successfully constructed，it can provide reference for the implementation of targeted training in clinical practice to enhance the emergency first aid ability of pediatric emergency medical personnel.

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic in 2020, 114 countries or regions in the world have been affected to varying degrees. The arrival of the post-epidemic era requires countries to take new epidemic prevention and control measures to deal with the problems and challenges that may arise in the future. In order to help China consolidate its epidemic prevention achievements over the years and gain a larger development window in the post-epidemic era, this study explored the changes in the global epidemic situation and the major national prevention and control policies in different countries, summarized the development and changes of China's epidemic prevention and control policies, and proposed new family-centered precision prevention and control measures that adapt to China's national conditions.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy using intranasal dexmedetomidine with different doses for preoperative sedation in congenital deafness children. Methods: Congenital deafness children (8-24 months) scheduled for cochlear implantation were randomly assigned into dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg group (n=81) and 5 μg/kg group (n=83) for sedation 30 minutes before operation. The primary outcome was the proportion of children attaining sedation success with a 5-point rating scale. The second measurements were onset time of sedation, number of patients with sedation score ≥3 at separation, number of patients with a sedation score of 4 at mask stimulation, duration of anesthesia induction, adverse events such as bradycardia and desaturation. Results: Patients in both groups were all successfully sedated in 30 minutes after dexmedetomidine administration intranasally. Compared with the patients receiving dexmedetomidine of 3 μg/kg, onset time was shorter (12 min vs. 17 min, P=0.001), the number of patients with a sedation score ≥3 at separation (78.3% vs. 61.7%, P=0.026) and patients with a sedation score of 4 at mask stimulation during anesthesia induction(30.1% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.001)were higher, duration of anesthesia induction was shorter (8.6 min vs. 11.2 min, P < 0.001) in the patients receiving dexmedetomidine of 5 μg/kg. No severe adverse events occurred perioperatively. Conclusion: Either dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg or 5 μg/kg provided successful sedation within 30 minutes after administration intranasally. A higher dose was associated with a shorter onset time, higher proportion of satisfactory sedation at separation and mask stimulation but without severe adverse events.

Objective: To compare the predictive value of four different risk assessment models for postpartum venous thromboembolism（VTE）. Methods: A retrospective study of the women who gave a birth in Shanghai First Maternal and Infant Health Hospital，Tongji University between Aug 2017 and Dec 2022 was conducted. A total of 255 parturients with VTE were included，and 765 parturients without VTE during the same period were randomly selected as control in a ratio of 1∶3. Four risk assessment models，Caprini Score，RCOG Guidline，Queensland Guideline and Shanghai Expert Consensus，were used respectively to score and classify the two groups of patients. The ROC curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive value of different models for puerperal venous thromboembolism. Classification of VTE patients by risk level and cumulative risk score in four risk assessment models were also made. Results: Maternal age，body mass index，and incidence of twin pregnancy，cesarean section，preterm birth，and preeclampsia were significantly higher in the thrombus group than in the control group（P<0.001）. The AUCs of Caprini Score，RCOG Guideline，Queensland Guideline and Shanghai Expert Consensus were 0.676，0.763，0.782 and 0.767，respectively，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The Queensland Guideline identified more patients with thrombosis into high risk level. Conclusion: RCOG Guideline，Queensland Guideline and Shanghai Expert Consensus all have higher predictive value than Caprini Score，which are suitable for predicting and evaluating VTE in puerperal period. Queensland Guideline seems to have the highest accuracy.

Objective: To explore the correlation between morphological changes on the surface of the pubic symphysis and age using computed tomography, and to develop an adult bone age estimation model using machine learning algorithms. Methods: A total of 649 abdominal CT samples from Chinese Han population in Shaanxi Province aged 10 to 90 years were collected as the training set. After acquiring the 3D reconstructed model of the pubic symphysis, 7 morphological features (ventral margin, dorsal margin, lower extremity of symphysial surface, upper extremity of symphysial surface, ventral beveling, pubic tubercle, and ridges and furrows on the symphysial surface) were selected with reference to the existing scoring system in order to establish a new scoring system for the morphological features of the pubic symphysis, and six machine learning regression algorithms were used to establish age estimation models for males and females, respectively. Each model was tested using 85 samples of clinical CT (35 males and 50 females), 96 samples of post-mortem CT (PMCT) (51 males and 45 females), and 82 samples of real pubic symphysis (40 males and 42 females), respectively, to select the optimal age inference model. Results: The scores obtained for the features all had a strong correlation with age (r>0.700, P<0.001). The AdaBoost model performed best in the male samples, with lower mean absolute error (MAE) of 5.23, 7.04, and 7.55 years after testing on the clinical CT 3D reconstruction model, PMCT 3D reconstruction model, and real pubic symphysis 3D reconstruction model, respectively. The MAE was less than 10 years in the age interval of 40 to 70 years. The GBR model performed best in the female samples and also yielded lower MAE after examination on the clinical CT 3D reconstruction model, the PMCT 3D reconstruction model, and the real pubic symphysis 3D reconstruction model, which were 5.16, 5.02, and 5.71 years, respectively. The MAE was less than 10 years in the age interval of 10 to 70 years. Conclusion: The age inference model constructed in this study has a degree of reliability and accuracy.

Objective: To investigate the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Suzhou. Methods: The invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were systematically collected from Children's Hospital of Soochow University between 2010 to 2020. The susceptibility of antibiotics was detected with Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and E-test method, and the isolates were serotyped by Quellung reactions. Results: A total of 215 invasive pneumococci isolates were collected during the study period, 28.4% of which were from children with meningitis. The non-susceptibility rate to penicillin G was 35.9%. The coverage of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was 93.2%, and the common serotypes were 6B, 14, 19F, 19A and 23F. In recent years, the non-susceptibility rate of Cefotaxime and Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole has decreased, and the proportion of serotypes 6B and 14 has decreased significantly, while the proportion of serotypes 19F and 23F has increased significantly. Conclusion: The coverage of PCV13 vaccine serotypes was high among the invasive isolates Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Suzhou, and the invasive pneumococci were moderately sensitive to penicillin. There were differences in serotypes and antimicrobial resistance between different times and different sources of disease.

Thyrotroph adenoma is a rare clinical subtype of pituitary adenoma. This article reports a case of a patient presenting with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) as the initial clinical manifestation. The examination revealed hypokalemia, significantly elevated thyroid hormone levels with unsuppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and MRI suggesting a pituitary adenoma. The diagnosis was confirmed as a thyrotroph adenoma. Preoperative preparation was conducted using a somatostatin analogue, octreotide, followed by neuroendoscopic surgery. The patient's thyroid function returned to normal levels after surgery, and there was no residual tumor or recurrence observed on MRI.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of hospital mortality in patients with new-onset stroke after cardiac surgery and summarize the nursing countermeasures. Methods: The data of patients who underwent cardiac surgery and suffered stroke in Zhongshan hospital affiliated to Fudan University in Shanghai from Jun 1st，2020 to Aug 31st，2022 were retrospectively analyzed，and the risk factors for in-hospital mortality were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: A total of 170 patients with stroke after cardiac surgery were included. The type of stroke was mainly ischemic stroke（n=153，90%）. Thirty-two patients died during hospitalization，with a mortality rate of 18.82%. Logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction（OR=0.944，95%CI：0.913-0.976），postoperative coma（OR=2.709，95%CI：1.027-7.146），postoperative renal replacement therapy（OR=7.298，95%CI：2.719-19.593）and preoperative N-terminal fragment brain natriuretic peptides（OR=1.094，95%CI：1.010-1.184）were independent risk factors for in-hospital death in stroke patients after cardiac surgery. Conclusion: The risk of death in stroke patients after cardiac surgery is high，which is associated with lower perioperative cardiac function，postoperative renal injury and postoperative coma.

Objective: To evaluate the patient-reported outcome (PRO) of patients with breast cancer who underwent autologous breast reconstruction and implant breast reconstruction. Methods: Patients who underwent breast reconstruction in Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University from Jan 2020 to Jun 2021 were selected, including 111 patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction and 108 patients who underwent implant breast reconstruction. Chinese version Breast-Q2.0 scale, breast cancer specificity scale QLQ-BR23 and EORTC quality of life scale QLQ-C30 were used to investigate the PRO of the two groups 18 months after operation. Results: The rate of stage Ⅲ breast cancer in the self-weight construction group was higher than that in the implant reconstruction group (64.9% vs. 44.4%, P < 0.001). The preoperative neoadjuvant therapy and postoperative radiotherapy in the autologous reconstruction group were higher than those in the implant reconstruction group (P < 0.001). Postoperative chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in the autologous reconstruction group were lower than those in the implant reconstruction group (P < 0.001). The study based on Breast-Q scale showed that the breast satisfaction of autologous reconstruction group was higher than that of implant reconstruction (59.28±17.20 vs. 54.94±14.48, P < 0.05). The study based on QLQ-BR23 showed that the self-weight construction group was higher than the implant reconstruction group in the field of arm symptoms (20.02±20.80 vs. 12.65±16.18, P < 0.05). The study based on QLQ-C30 scale showed that there was no significant difference in all functional areas and symptom areas of patients. There was no significant difference in the number and time of social regression between the two groups. Conclusion: Breast reconstruction can improve the PRO of breast cancer patients, and oncology factors will affect the choice of breast reconstruction. Patients with autologous breast reconstruction are more satisfied with breast appearance, but upper limb symptoms such as swelling and pain are more obvious than implant reconstruction, which is related to the higher proportion of axillary lymph node dissection in patients with autologous reconstruction.There is no significant difference in quality of life and social regression between the two groups.

Objective: To investigate deep neuromuscular blockade (NMD) and moderate NMD on hepatic perfusion and liver function during laparoscopic hepatectomy. Methods: A total of 60 patients who received laparoscopic hepatectomy in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were recruited from Dec 2021 to Dec 2022. They were randomly divided into two groups: deep NMD group (D group, n=30) and moderate NMD group (M group, n=30). D group was induced by administration of rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg followed by continuous infusion to maintain intraoperative post-tetanic count (PTC) of 1-2, while M group was induced by administration of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg followed by continuous infusion to maintain intraoperative train-of-four (TOF) of 1-2. Indocyanine green (ICG) of 0.25 mg/kg was given intravenously both after induction and after specimen excision, and retention rate at fifteen minutes (ICG_R15) was recorded. In addition, intraoperative rocuronium dosage, surgical operation satisfaction score, postoperative shoulder pain, and the occurrence of vomiting on postoperative day 1 (POD1) were also recorded. Results: Compared with M group, the dosage of rocuronium in D group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), but there was no difference of ICG_R15 between the two groups (P=0.581), even other parameters of perioperative liver function. The surgical operation satisfaction score was significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the postoperative shoulder pain (P=0.037, OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.01-1.86) and the occurrence of vomiting on POD1 (P=0.017, OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.07-2.53) were significantly lower in D group than those in M group. Conclusion: Compared with moderate NMB, deep NMB can significantly improve surgery condition, reduce postoperative shoulder pain and vomiting. However, there was no significant difference between them on the hepatic perfusion and perioperative liver function.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical relevance of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins F (HNRNPF) in prostate cancer and its effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Methods: The expression and immune infiltration characteristics of HNRNPF in prostate cancer and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer patients were analyzed using TCGA database and GEO database. The HNRNPF gene was silenced by RNA interference in prostate cancer cell PC-3 and DU145, then the changes in cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8, EdU and colony formation assays, and the changes in cell migration and invasion abilities were detected by Transwell and wound-healing assays. Results: The expression of HNRNPF was significantly increased in prostate cancer compared with normal prostate tissue and significantly associated with T stage, Gleason score, prostate specific antigen and the infiltration level of multiple immune cells of prostate cancer patients. The prostate cancer patients with high expression of HNRNPF had shorter overall survival and disease-specific survival. HNRNPF silencing decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of prostate cancer cells PC-3 and DU145. Conclusion: HNRNPF is a gene that is highly expressed in prostate cancer, has significant clinical relevance, and can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells.