Objective: To analyze the global literature related to functional cure of hepatitis B from 2019 to 2023 by using bibliometric analysis methods, so as to help researchers understand the research hotspots and trends in this field. Methods: The literature related to the topic of functional cure of hepatitis B included in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) of the Web of Science Core Collection from 2019 to 2023 was searched. By using VOSviewer and CiteSpace visual analysis tools, analyses were conducted from the perspectives of publication trends, international research cooperation networks, and keyword emergence, and were elaborated with the specific contents of the related literature to elucidate research hotspots and trends. Results: A total of 600 eligible papers in this field were included. Keyword co-occurrence and thematic clustering suggested that the main research directions of functional cure were: serum biomarkers for prediction and monitoring of functional cure, functional cure and immunity, nucleoside analog discontinuation, interferon therapy, and long-term prognosis of functional cure. The research contents of the ESI highly cited original research papers were similar to the clustering of the above, but showed more attention on the novel agents for functional cure. The content of the keyword emergence map showed that hotspots of interest changed from virologic mechanisms and serum markers, to nucleoside analog discontinuation and interferon therapy, and finally to immunologic mechanisms and new drug. Conclusion: The research hotspots and trends of functional cure of hepatitis B were focused on virological mechanism, serum markers, immunological mechanism, nucleoside analog discontinuation, interferon therapy, and long-term prognosis after cure.

Objective: To analyze the global research literature on monkeypox from 2014 to 2024 through bibliometric analysis, and provide reference for monkeypox research in China. Methods: Based on data from the Web of Science Core Collection database and utilizing the visualization analysis capabilities of VOSviewer software, we employed keyword co-occurrence analysis and national cooperative network analysis methods and examined the trends in monkeypox research publications, popular journals, high-yield institutions, international collaborations, and keywords. Results: A total of 2 396 papers were published from 2014 to 2024, with a significant increase in publications after 2022. The United States had the highest number of publications (808 papers, accounting for 33.72%). The network of international scientific collaborations showed close cooperation between the United States and countries like the United Kingdom and Canada, frequent collaborations among developing countries such as China and India, and extensive cooperation among European countries like Italy and Spain, which also established partnerships with Brazil, Mexico, and others. Keywords co-occurrence clustering and essential science indicators (ESI) highly cited papers revealed that the monkeypox research hotspots after 2022 including the analysis of the virology, clinical, epidemiological characteristics of the global outbreak in 2022, uncovering the causes of the global outbreak and the differences from previous outbreaks. Studies on vaccines and antiviral drugs also gradually became focal points. Conclusion: Since the outbreak of monkeypox in 2022, monkeypox research has developed rapidly. Papers focus on specific populations, and gradually shifting from virological, clinical and epidemiological characterization to the development of new drugs, vaccines, and clinical validation studies.

Objective: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of relevant literature on liver failure caused by viral hepatitis from the past five years, and to help researchers understand the current status and hotspots in this field, and to provide insights into future research trends. Methods: Based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) data from Web of Science Core Collection, visualization analysis and mapping were conducted through VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to generate visual representations of international research collaboration networks, keyword co-occurrence clustering, and keyword bursts. Results: From 2019 to 2023, a total of 873 relevant literature were included, with a total citation frequency of 7 364 and an average citation frequency of 8.44. Among them, China had the highest number of publications (458 articles, 52.46%) and had the most cooperation with the United States. The research hotspots of viral hepatitis induced liver failure were mainly divided into three categories: basic and clinical research on liver failure caused by non-hepatitis B virus (HBV), the pathogenesis of HBV related liver failure, and treatment and prediction models of liver failure. The keyword time overlay map and burst map showed that the research hotspots had gradually shifted from the prevention and control of new infections to the treatment and prognosis assessment of patients with chronic infection. Conclusion: China is a major international research entity in liver failure caused by viral hepatitis and actively participates in international scientific collaborations. The research hotspots on liver failure caused by viral hepatitis have gradually shifted from preventing viral hepatitis infections and expanding treatment options to the treatment of chronic infection patients and prognostic prediction.

Objective: To analyze the current status of malaria vaccine research from 2019 to 2024 by using bibliometric methods. Methods: Based on the Web of Science core collection database, we used VOSviewer to conduct a visual analysis of the publishing trends, publishing journals, international cooperation status, institutions and research hotspots of malaria vaccine research. Results: A total of 2 467 relevant articles were retrieved, and the annual number of publications showed a stable trend. The number of articles published by different countries/regions varied greatly, and the top effect was obvious. The United States published the most papers (1 032 articles, 41.83%).The international cooperation network reflected the regional collaborative relationships in malaria vaccine research, predominantly involving the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, India and China. Through keyword co-occurrence clustering, the current research hotspots in the field of malaria vaccines were basic research on key sites and mechanisms of potential vaccines, clinical research on new vaccines, epidemiological studies on the impact of malaria vaccines on malaria transmission, etc. Conclusion: In recent years, malaria vaccine research has received sustained attention. The translation of clinical research on malaria vaccine was currently accelerating, and children and women were still the key groups of concern.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between lesion volume, lesion mass, and maximum lesion diameter in the assessment of advanced hepatocarcinoma with lung metastasis, and to evaluate the application value of total volume response and total mass response of lung metastatic lesions in efficacy assessment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the CT imaging data of 20 patients clinically confirmed with hepatocarcinoma and lung metastases, followed by subsequent follow-up to monitor their survival outcomes. Volume measurement software was used to measure the volume of lesions before and after treatment. We recored lesion diameter, volume measurements and CT values, calculated the mass of the lesions. The correlation between lesion volume, mass and diameter was analyzed, as well as the correlation between the change rates of volume, mass and lesion diameter. Additionally, the total volume and total mass of all lesions were calculated. The correlation between the change rates of total volume/total mass and the change rate of pulmonary lesion diameter under the RECIST 1.1 criteria, as well as the correlation with changes in patients' tumor markers, were analyzed. Furthermore, the overall volume response and overall mass response of lesions were evaluated based on changes in total volume and total mass, and their consistencies with the RECIST 1.1 criteria for efficacy evaluation were analyzed. Finally, univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to explore the association between these variables and patient survival outcomes. Results: There was strong correlation between lesion volume, mass and tumor diameter (r=0.771, 0.775), between the rate of change in mass and the rate of change in lesion diameter (r=0.846), and between the rates of change in total volume/total mass and the rate of change in pulmonary lesion diameter under the RECIST 1.1 criteria (r=0.800, 0.896). The correlation between the rates of change in total volume/total mass and patients' tumor markers was not statistically significant. There was moderate correlation between the rate of change in volume and the rate of change in lesion diameter (r=0.692). The evaluation results of total volume response and total mass response for pulmonary lesions in advanced hepatocarcinoma with lung metastasis were generally consistent with the RECIST 1.1 criteria (Kappa=0.486, 0.426). Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that total lesion volume (P=0.047) and total lesion mass (P=0.049) were independent prognostic factors for survival outcomes. Conclusion: Lesion volume, mass, and diameter, as well as their respective change rates, were found to be interrelated. Furthermore, total lesion volume and total lesion mass were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival outcomes. The total volume response and total mass response are promising evaluation methods in evaluating the efficacy of lung metastasis of hepatocarcinoma, which are different from the RECIST 1.1 evaluation criteria.

Objective: To obtain measurements of fetal four-chamber view and left and right ventricular shapes using two-dimensional speckle tracking, and to explore the clinical quantification of cardiac shape remodeling in small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. Methods: In this study, we prospectively collected data on singleton pregnancies from 28 to 39 weeks that were established in the archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from May 2020 to Jul 2021. Fetuses eligible for inclusion criteria were randomly matched according to the ratio of estimated fetal weight (EFW) ≥ 10th percentile (P10)∶EFW < P10=3∶1, and then screened by exclusion criteria, and the final cases obtained were grouped for the study (low-risk fetuses and SGA fetuses). Measures of fetal cardiac shape included: global sphericity index (GSI)=(four-chamber view length/width) and 24-segment sphericity index (SI)=[(ventricular length/24)/width of each segment] for the left and right ventricles. Results: A total of 2 476 singleton pregnancies met the inclusion criteria, and after screening by random matching and exclusion criteria, 453 low-risk fetuses (all with normal umbilical artery pulsatility index (UAPI)) and 210 SGA fetuses (157 with normal UAPI) were obtained. The proportion of SGA fetuses with GSI < P5 was greater in normal UAPI fetuses than that in low-risk fetuses (7.6% vs. 3.3%, P=0.023); the proportion of SGA fetuses with SI > P90 in the apical segments of the left ventricle was greater in normal UAPI fetuses than that in low-risk fetuses (24.2% vs. 14.3%, P=0.005); the SI of left ventricle in UAPI-normal SGA fetuses was greater in segments S1 to S22 than that of right ventricle with statistically significant difference (all P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between the SI of left and right ventricles in segments S23 and S24. Conclusion: About one-fourth of SGA fetuses with normal UAPI have abnormally increased apical segments of the left ventricular SI, suggesting that cardiac remodeling with a predominantly "elongated" apical segments of the left ventricle precedes Doppler anomalies.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the association between metabolic factors and high-risk colorectal adenoma (CRA). Methods: The medical records of patients aged 18-75 years who underwent their initial colonoscopy at Karamay Central Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from Jul 2000 to Mar 2017 were collected. The comparison between normal colonoscopy (NC) and high-risk CRA patients was conducted using an unpaired t-test, while chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Logistic regression were utilized to analyze the association between metabolic factors and high-risk CRA. Results: A total of 1 798 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into normal colonoscopy (NC) findings group (n=972) and high-risk CRA group (n=826). The high-risk CRA group exhibited significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in comparison to the NC group, while uric acid and fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) index levels were significantly higher than those observed in the NC group (all P < 0.05). Based on LASSO regression analysis, we identified 12 variables that potentially influence the occurrence of high-risk CRA, including age, gender, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypertension, coronary artery disease, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, low levels of HDL-C, elevated alanine aminotransferase, and elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase. Multivariate analysis revealed that individuals aged over 50 years, male gender, cigarette and alcohol consumption, low HDL-C levels, history of NAFLD and hypertension were identified as independent risk factors associated with high-risk CRA (P < 0.05). In addition, without or with adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and drinking history, patients with a high TG/HDL-C ratio (the ratio≥2.68) had a significantly higher risk of high-risk CRA than those with a low TG/HDL-C ratio (the ratio < 2.68) [odds ratios (ORs) were1.430 and 1.235 respectively, all P < 0.05)]. Without or with adjusting variables, the ORs for NAFLD patients with FIB-4 index > 2.67 were 1.849 (P=0.466) and 1.435 (P=0.707), respectively. Conclusion: A significant association exists between metabolic factors and high-risk CRA. Independent risk factors for high-risk CRA include older age (≥50 years), male, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, low levels of HDL-C, and a history of NAFLD and hypertension. Individuals exhibiting a TG/HDL-C ratio exceeding 2.68 manifest a significantly heightened susceptibility to the development of high-risk CRA. Therefore, elderly males with one or more aforementioned metabolic abnormalities should be considered a priority population for colorectal screening.

Objective: To preliminarily explore the safety of collecting colostrum in the third trimester, and to evaluate postpartum breastfeeding in pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Methods: Pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy who had prenatal examinations in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from Jul to Nov 2022 were prospectively divided into the colostrum collection group (n=52) in the third trimester and the control group (n=55) by randomized controlled grouping method. The t-test, χ² test, Fisher's exact probability method and rank sum test were used for statistical analysis of the data to compare the delivery outcomes, neonatal outcomes and postpartum breastfeeding status between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in the gestational weeks at delivery, delivery methods, breastfeeding rates at 42 days postpartum and 4 months postpartum between the two groups of pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. There were also no significant differences in the Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth and the neonatal hospitalization rate. The proportion of formula milk as the first supplementary feeding after delivery and the delayed lactation rate at 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Collecting colostrum in the third trimester among pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is safe, and it can reduce the rate of supplementary feeding with formula milk after delivery, and increase the exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum.

Objective: To explore the effects of Rutin on multiple organ damage in septic mice and to investigate its mechanism from the perspective of inflammation. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the normal control (sham) group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, low-dose Rutin group (25 mg/kg), medium-dose Rutin group (50 mg/kg), and high-dose Rutin group (100 mg/kg), there are 20 mouse in each group. All mice were given gavage daily for 7 days starting at 8 weeks of age (the Rutin groups were administered the corresponding doses of the drug, while the sham and CLP groups were given the same volume of saline). Subsequently, sepsis was induced in mice by CLP. The survival rate of mice was analyzed; pathological damage of the lungs, liver, and kidneys in mice was assessed by HE staining; the lung coefficient and wet/dry (W/D) ratio of the lungs were measured; the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CRE), and urea nitrogen (BUN) in mouse serum were detected; the content of urinary protein in mice was measured; the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in mouse tissues were detected by RT-qPCR; and the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot. Results: Rutin reduced the mortality rate of septic mice, alleviated liver, lung, and kidney damage, improved liver, lung, and kidney functions, inhibited the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in tissues, and reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Conclusion: Rutin may alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, and has a protective effect on liver, lung, and kidney damage in septic mice.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A (FluA), and influenza B (FluB) in a single center in Minhang District, Shanghai after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from Apr 2023 to Jul 2024 of patients who underwent testing for Mp, RSV, FluA, and FluB due to respiratory tract infections in Minhang Hospital, Fudan University was conducted. Differences in pathogen infections were analyzed among different seasons and age groups. Results: A total of 39 103 individuals of respiratory tract infections with simultaneous testing for all four pathogens were included in this analysis, with a total detection rate of 44.7% (17 490/39 103). The detection rates were as follows: Mp 25.2%, FluA 13.1%, FluB 10.9%, and RSV 1.5%. Co-infections accounted for 5.9%, predominantly with Mp and FluA. The detection rate of Mp was > 38% in children under 14 years old, gradually decreasing with age. In the child group (≤14 years), both FluA and FluB had the highest detection rates in the 7-14 years age group (FluA, 16.5%; FluB, 10.4%). In the adult group (≥15 years), the highest detection rates for FluA and FluB were found in the 15-24 years age group (12.5%) and the 35-44 years age group (15.9%), respectively. The detection rates of pathogens varied significantly across different months (P < 0.001), with an increasing trend in the total number and overall detection rate of the four pathogens after Sept 2023 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: After the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an abnormal increase in Mp in a single center in Minhang District, Shanghai. Mp, along with influenza viruses, became the main pathogens causing respiratory tract infections. Targeted prevention and control measures based on the epidemiological characteristics of infections should be implemented to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To investigate the peripheral blood cytokine levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to analyze its correlation with Killip classification, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), and to provide a theoretical basis for assessing the severity and prognosis of the disease. Methods: A total of 312 patients with AMI admitted to Minhang Hospital, Fudan University from Jul 2021 to Oct 2023 were enrolled as the case group, and 201 patients with unstable angina pectoris were selected as the control group. General clinical data of the subjects were collected, and the concentrations of cytokines (IL-5, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in peripheral blood were detected by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry. NT-proBNP, cTnI and CK-MB were measured by chemiluminescence methods. The levels of cytokines between the two groups were compared, and their correlations with Killip classification, NT-proBNP, cTnI and CK-MB were analyzed. The predictive efficacy of cytokines for AMI was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline data between the AMI group and the control group (P > 0.05), with the exception of age. The levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the AMI group were higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). The correlation analyses showed that IL-6 was positively correlated with Killip classification, NT-proBNP, cTnI and CK-MB (all P < 0.01). ROC analyses showed that IL-6 levels had good predictive efficacy for AMI (AUC=0.882 9, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The expression of IL-6 was significantly increased in patients with AMI, and it was positively correlated with Killip classification, NT-proBNP, cTnI and CK-MB, suggesting that IL-6 may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the severity of AMI.

Objective: To explore the relationship between community health follow-up management and the mental health of the long-term care insurance residents, and to provide a basis for the construction of an integrated community home care service mode for disabled elders. Methods: The residents were selected through cluster sampling who participated in LTCI home care from Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2021.After a year of participation, the subjects' mental health was assessed face-to-face by trained community doctors using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. By referring to residents' electronic health records combined with on-site questionnaire survey, community doctors collected the demographic information and health follow-up management provided by primary medical and health institutions. The multivariate logistic regression were conducted to evaluate the association between follow-up care and mental health outcomes. Results: The study consisted of 399 LTCI-enrolled individuals, 57.64% (n=230) received follow-up care by family physicians. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among participants was 19.80% (n=79) and 67.67% (n=270), respectively. Univariate analysis found that community health follow-up management could underscore the potential impact of follow-up care in mitigating anxiety (χ²=38.926, P < 0.001) and depression (χ²=14.598, P < 0.001) among LTCI enrollees.Multivariate analysis revealed that follow-up care was an independent protective factor against anxiety (adjusted OR=0.351, 95%CI: 0.176-0.701, P=0.003). However, follow-up care did not significantly impact depression prevalence. Additionally, LTCI grade and education level were also identified factors influencing the mental health of participants (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Community health service centers provide health follow-up management that plays a positive role in alleviating the anxiety symptoms of disabled residents under long-term care insurance home care.It is an effective way to improve the quality of LTCI home care services.

Objective: To compare the pain relief and long-term clinical success rate of vital pulp therapy and root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth with carious irreversible pulpitis. Methods: A total of 90 patients diagnosed with carious irreversible pulpitis in mature permanent teeth were collected at Shanghai Stomatological Hospital from Jan 2021 to Jun 2022. They were randomly divided into two groups: test group (n=45) undergoing vital pulp therapy (VPT) and control group (n=45) undergoing root canal treatment (RCT). Pain scores were recorded before treatment, 24 hours after operation and 7 days after operation. We conducted clinical evaluation and imaging analysis at 1, 6, and 12 months after the surgery, then compared the pain scores and treatment success rates between the two groups. Results: Eighty-one patients, including 39 patients in group VPT aged (31.00±1.43) years old and 42 patients in group RCT aged (30.60±1.54) years old, received follow-up for more than 1 year, and the success rate of the test group and control was 97.44% and 95.24%. The pain degree of the two groups was reduced at 24 hours and 7 days after operation (P < 0.05), and the pain score of the test group was reduced compared with that in the control group 7 days after operation (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Compared with root canal treatment, vital pulp therapy for mature permanent teeth with carious irreversible pulpitis can achieve good results in short-term pain evolution and long-term clinical success.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of a novel FANCL mutation identified in a patient with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and to explore its potential functional impacts in vitro. Methods: A novel FANCL heterozygous mutation c.1033G > A (p.Glu345Lys) was screened in a patient with POI using whole exome sequencing (WES), which was found to be inherited from a mother who had undergone early menopause. The authenticity of the mutation was identified by Sanger sequencing and the conserved nature of the mutation site was predicted by software. Overexpressing FANCL mutant and wildtype plasmids were constructed and transiently transfected into HEK293T cell lines, and the effect of the mutation was detected by qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results: The mutation site of FANCL was located within the Ring domain of FANCL, which was highly conserved across multiple species. The mutant showed no significant change in mRNA expression level, while the protein expression level was significantly down-regulated. In vitro cellular experiments further revealed that the mutation leads to decreased expression levels by reducing protein stability. Conclusion: A FANCL c.1033G > A mutation was found and it may cause disease in the POI patient due to decreased protein stability.

Objective: To develop a simple method for producing mice adipose stem cells with highly efficient adipogenic differentiation capability. Methods: Subcutaneous adipose tissue was extracted from wild-type mice. By strictly controlling the digestion time of collagenase, we compared the number of adipose stem cells and their adipogenic differentiation ability obtained for different digestion times. Further, flow cytometry was used to clarify the differences in mesenchymal cells and vascular components at different digestion times. Results: The adipose stem cells obtained after 40 minutes of digestion by collagenase exhibited over 90% adipogenic differentiation ability in vitro, while those obtained after 60 minutes of digestion only showed 20% adipogenic differentiation ability. The main reason for this discrepancy was the presence of a portion of vascular-related cells in the latter. Conclusion: By controlling the digestion time of collagenase in adipose tissue, we have established an efficient method for preparing adipose stem cells with high adipogenic differentiation potential. The obtained adipose stem cells exhibit over 90% adipogenic differentiation ability in vitro.

Microphthalmos is a congenital ocular developmental anomaly that manifests as a significant reduction in the size of eyes, and is often combined with various ocular disorders such as cataract. Due to its special intraocular anatomical features, the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications of cataract surgery in microphthalmos is usually high. Combined with subscleral sclerectomy, peripheral iridectomy, and anterior segment vitrectomy, the incidence of the pre-existing complications in cataract surgery has decreased, meanwhile, the additional procedures may also bring new complications. In-depth understanding of the research progress of cataract surgery in microphthalmos and the prevention of complications is of great guiding significance to improve surgical outcomes, and can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications such as uveal effusion syndrome, secondary glaucoma and corneal edema, and promote personalized treatments for microphthalmos patients who suffered from cataract.

Abnormal lipid metabolism and renal ectopic lipid accumulation have been associated with the occurrence and development of kidney diseases, particularly in diabetic nephropathy. However, the drugs commonly used in clinic to treat hypercholesterolemia, such as statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, can effectively reduce the blood lipid level, but fail to delay the progress of kidney disease. In recent years, an increasing number of research studies have focused on the impact of free fat acids (FFA) metabolism on kidney function. The profiles and metabolism of fatty acids are altered in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and deregulated fatty acid metabolism contributes to further kidney damage. Furthermore, the role of FFA transporter in the progression of kidney diseases is gradually recognized. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent preclinical researches of fatty acid transporter fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2) expressed in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells.

To explore the understanding of the target population regarding the Get Active Questionnaire for Pregnancy (GAQ-P) and the Companion Health Care Provider Consultation Form for Prenatal Physical Activity (cHCP-CF-PPA) in the Chinese context, and to verify the consistency of the Chinese version of the prenatal physical activity dual screening questionnaire with the original version in terms of language expression, 27 pregnant women and 12 healthcare providers were selected from Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University during Aug and Oct 2023, and were interviewed using purposive sampling. Two rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted. The first round revealed that some respondents experienced ambiguities in understanding the meanings of 5 items in the questionnaire. Following modifications, the second round indicated that the revised items were consistent in meaning with the original questionnaire. Cognitive interviews can facilitate the adaptation of the prenatal physical activity dual screening questionnaire to the Chinese cultural context, improve the understanding of the questionnaire items among the target population, and promote the localization of the screening tool.

Hypokalemia, a common clinical electrolyte disorder, can affect multiple systems and can be life-threatening in severe cases. Identifying the cause of hypokalemia is crucial for its prevention and treatment. However, the etiology of hypokalemia is complex and often requires detailed differential diagnosis. This article reports a rare clinical case of hypokalemia caused by long-term excessive consumption of strong tea and discusses its pathogenesis. The aim is to raise clinical awareness and understanding of the etiology of such cases of hypokalemia and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

TAFRO syndrome is a systemic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. It has low incidence rate and progresses rapidly, which poses a significant challenge for clinicians to make a timely diagnosis and provide reasonable treatment. This article retrospectively analyzed a 65-year-old male patient with iMCD-TAFRO admitted to Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, and visited the Department of Nephrology due to bilateral lower limb edema. The patient exhibited systemic edema, fever, and multiple enlarged lymph nodes. A comprehensive examination showed thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction, elevated CRP levels, multiple serosal fluid accumulations, and bone marrow reticulin fibrosis. For further diagnosis and treatment, he visited the Hematology Clinic of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Based on the clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of TAFRO syndrome was considered. After further lymph node pathological consultation, the diagnosis was confirmed as idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD)-TAFRO syndrome. Later, the patient was transferred to the hematology department of Minhang Hospital, Fudan University. After 15 days of treatment with methylprednisolone, cyclosporine A, rituximab, and thrombopoietin, there was no significant improvement in the condition. Due to personal reasons, the patient discontinued further treatment and passed away 2 weeks later.

During sudden outbreaks of major infectious diseases, traditional vaccine clinical trials often fail to deliver timely and meaningful outcomes. To address this, innovative trial designs are essential to accelerate or restructure the traditional three-phase clinical trial process while maintaining adherence to scientific principles of drug candidate safety and efficacy. This paper presents various innovative vaccine clinical trial designs and concepts, along with critical considerations for their application, to serve as a methodological reference for related research. Adaptive designs provide flexibility by dynamically adjusting trial parameters—such as dose selection, population stratification, and sample size reestimation—based on interim analysis results. Bayesian designs incorporate historical data and prior information, reducing sample size requirements. Master protocol designs enable the evaluation of multiple treatments or target populations within a unified framework, significantly improving efficiency. Additionally, real-world data (RWD), including electronic health records vaccination records and insurance claims, supports the creation of virtual control groups, addressing ethical concerns while enhancing trial feasibility. A hybrid design combining randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with RWD is also proposed to leverage the strengths of both methodologies. These innovative designs optimize the research process, accelerating vaccine development and regulatory approval. By integrating these approaches, robust evidence-based insights can be generated, advancing precision medicine goals and strengthening public health responses to emerging infectious diseases.