Objective To detect the expressions of dopamine receptor D1-D5 among different T helper (Th) cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to analyze the correlation between dopamine receptor (DR) and disease activity,laboratory tests and functional status. Methods Patients with RA (n=25), or osteoarthritis (OA) (n=13) diagnosed according to the ACR criteria, as well as healthy donors (n=12) were recruited in this study. RA patients were all treatment naive or free of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) at least for 3 months. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the dopamine receptor D1-D5 in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in three groups. Correlation analyses were made between the demographics, clinical data, functional status,disease activity and dopamine receptor expressions on Th cell subsets. Results The percentage of Th2 cells in patients with RA was 1.28% (0.74%-2.68%) and significantly higher than that in healthy controls (median 0.18%, IQR:0.11%-0.31%, P<0.001) and patients with OA (median 0.48%, IQR:0.03%-1.47%, P=0.029). Meanwhile, the dopamine receptor DR2 expressed on Th2 cells in rheumatoid arthritis group (median 25.40%, IQR:3.79%-37.10%) were remarkably elevated than that in healthy donors (median 3.74%, IQR:0.00%-12.98%,P=0.006) and OA patients (median 3.45%, IQR:0.00%-20.55%, P=0.040). Th2 cells also expressed higher level of DR4 in RA group than that in healthy controls and OA group (P=0.022 and P=0.010, respectively). A positive correlation was found between Th2 cells percentage and swollen joint count (SJC) (r=0.421, P=0.036) as well as SDAI (r=0.396, P=0.050).DR5 expressed on Th1 cells in RA group was 2.22% (IQR:0.57%-12.24%) and had positive correlations with SJC (r=0.492, P=0.012) and CDA (r=0.445, P=0.026). DR1 and DR3 on Th2 cells were 11.15% (IQR:2.93%-36.20%) and 9.80% (IQR:1.62%-23.05%), and all negatively related with Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (DR1:r=-0.469, P=0.018; DR3:r=-0.464, P=0.019). Conclusions Dopamine receptor DR2 and DR4 on Th2 cells were highly expressed. Dopamine receptor levels in Th cells are correlated with SJC, CDAI and HAQ in RA patients.
Objective To clarify the potential role of rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) in morphine-caused sleep disruption in rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into vehicle control group (n=7) treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) and morphine group (n=7). By using brain stereotaxic, nucleus microinjection and sleep recording techniques,we observed the effects of microinjection of morphine into rat RMTg on the sleep-wake cycle. Results Compared with the control group, microinjection of morphine (16 mmol/L, 0.5 μL perside) into the bilateral RMTgs induced 4-hour wakefulness. During this period, the depth of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep became light and the amount of rapid eye movement sleep decreased, which conformed to the phenotype of sleep disruption caused by clinical morphine usage. Conclusions The RMTg may be involved in the sleep disruption caused by morphine in rats.
Objective To explore the associations between subjective well-being (SWB) and health,family and economy related factors in the elderly with exceptional longevity (EL) above 95 years old. Methods This study included 463 EL elderly people (≥95 yerars old) from the cross-sectional phase of Rugao longevity cohort of China. SWB was measured by life satisfaction (LS),positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) and affect balance (AB) .The influence factors included:health status (self-reported health,functional capacity), family harmony and economy related factors (annual household expenditures,house size per capita). Data was analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results Correlation analysis showed that the relevant influential factors of all the four components of SWB from strong to weak were:functional capacity (r=0.350,0.267,-0.192 and 0.303,respectively), self-reported health (r=0.340,0.257,-0.205 and 0.305,respectively)and family harmony (r=0.276,0.205,-0.089 and 0.192,respectively), while only house size per capita of economy related factors showed very weak correlation with LS (r=0.104). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that,after adding health status (self-reported health,functional capacity) to model (model 1), the R-squared of four SWB components were significantly improved (ΔR2 =0.163,0.094,0.060 and 0.133,P<0.05). After adding family harmony to model (model 2), the R-squared of four SWB components (except NA) were significantly improved (ΔR2=0.039,0.022 and 0.015). However,after adding economy related factors to model (model 3), there were no significant R-squared change of the four SWB components.The magnitude of influence ranked as follow: functional capacity (β=0.229,0.184,-0.146 and 0.218), self-reported health (β=0.211,0.159,-0.140 and 0.198) and family harmony (β=0.209,0.150,-0.041 and 0.125), however there was no significant influences for economy related factors. Conclusions The SWB of the elderly with EL in Rugao was mainly associated with health status and family harmony rather than economy related factors. Therefore, we should focus on promoting their functional capacity and health, coupled with family harmony rather than economy related factors, so as to improve the SWB of the elderly with EL in Rugao.
Objective To identify the roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection and replication. Methods According to the observations of the kinetics of STAT3 in rhabdomysarcoma (RD) cells after EV71 infection, and the detection of the effects of loss-and gain-of-function of STAT3 (by knocked-in a short-hairpin RNA or a STAT3 gene into the cellular genome with a lentivirus vector, respectively) on the expression of EV71 VP1,virus plaque-forming, and virus titer after EV71 infection, we evaluated host STAT3 roles in EV71 infection and replication. Results The level of phosphorylated STAT3-Tyr705 (pY705-STAT3) was down-regulated significantly after EV71 infection. In the RD cells knocked-down STAT3, p-STAT3 was also down-regulated. The knock-down of STAT3 promoted EV71 infection and replication. By contrast, over-expression of STAT3 showed the opposite effects on EV71 infection. Confocal microscopy analysis and plaque-forming assay indicated that high level of p-STAT3 decreased the cellular susceptibility to EV71 infection. Conclusions Our data indicated that host STAT3 has an important role in EV71 infection and replication, which may be induced by the doen-regulation of phosphorylated p-STAT3 level. Therefore, EV71 infection increased the cellular susceptibility to the virus and promoted the viral replication.
Objective To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the detection and diagnosis of minute renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) and small renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) larger than 15 mm in diameter. Methods The conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS features of 39 cases of MRCC (d≤15 mm) and 197 cases of SRCC larger than 15 mm (15 mm＜d≤30 mm) were retrospectively analyzed. The scores of visibility of lesion on conventional US and CEUS were counted and compared, the enhancement features of MRCCs and SRCCs larger than 15 mm were observed and analyzed comparatively. Results The scores of visibility of MRCCs were lower than that of SRCC larger than 15 mm on conventional US (P=0.000), while it had no significant difference between MRCCs and CEUS (P=0.434). The scores of visibility of both MRCCs and SRCCs larger than 15 mm on CEUS were significant higher than that on conventional US (P=0.000,0.000), meanwhile the improvement of the scores of visibility for MRCCs were significant higher than that for SRCCs larger than 15 mm (P=0.000).The enhancement features of flow-in patterns, enhancement degree, peak strength and flow-out patterns had no significant difference between MRCCs and SRCCs larger than 15 mm (P=0.949,0.472 and 0.128,respectively). The enhancement features of heterogeneous enhancement and pseudocapsule were less frequently in MRCCs than that in SRCCs larger than 15 mm (P=0.002 and 0.002 respectively). Conclusions CEUS performs better in improving the detection rate of MRCCs than that of SRCCs larger than 15 mm, while it provides more useful information for the diagnosis of SRCCs larger than 15 mm.
Objective To investigate whether intercellular nanotubes are present in bone marrow in vivo. Methods Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to observe the distribution and morphology and proposed formed mechanism of intercellular membrane nanotubes in C57BL/6 mice bone marrow in situ. Results The results revealed that intercellular nanotubes emerged in a pattern of scattered state in the entire bone marrow, especially inside and/or outside sinusoid. Moreover, the intercellular nanotubes with uneven diameters were shown 5.85 μm in average length (1.58-18.54 μm) and 364 nm in average width (202-541 nm), as well as clusters of small granules adhered to the surface of intercellular nanotubes. In addition, proposed mechanisms of the formation of intercellular nanotubes in mice bone marrow were elucidated that membrane continuity was formed by free-ended protrusions. Conclusions The present study for the first time captured the visual evidence for the existence of intercellular nanotubes in mice bone marrow in vivo.
Objective To explore the feasibility of bronchoscopic “sandwich” therapy for bronchopleural fistula (BPF) following lung surgery. Methods According to the classification of BPF, patients with intermediate and terminal fistula after the pneumonectomy were enrolled in this study. In addition, for these patients, the size of fistula was less than 5 mm and the contamination of thoracic cavity was mild. The “sandwich” therapy consisted of 3 steps: (1) under direct vision we advance an endoscopic needle through the bronchoscope’s operating channel and then administer several submucosal injections of 1% polidocanol around the fistula;(2) 1% silver nitrate dripped on the surface of the fistula using ecndoscopic needle; (3) the suspension of 1% silver nitrate and 20% human albumin with equal proportion dripped on the surface of the fistula using ecndoscopic needle. Results From Oct. 2010 to Nov. 2014, 11 patients were accepted with the “sandwicn” therapy, and 9 cases were cured and the mean treatment sections were 1.8 time. The therapy was failed in 2 patients, which were discharged with tube drainage. In the follow-up, there was no complication and no recurrence of BPF in these patients. Conclusions Bronchoscopic “sandwich” therapy is a safe and effective treatment for BPF. Compared with the submucosal injections polidocanol alone, the advantages of the “sandwich therapy” were less treatment sections and higher cure rate.
Objective To investigate the contribution of circulating estrogen to the action of daidzein (DAI) on osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Methods Osteoblasts were prepared from calvaria of neonatal SD rats by sequential collagenase digestion and treated with DAI in MEM medium supplied with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 2% coat-striped fetal bovine serum (CSFBS) respectively. 17β-estradiol was added to all medium to modify the estrogen levels as required.The cell proliferation and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and p-nitropheny-phosate (PNPP) assays respectively. The expression of ERα、ERβ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Results Daidzein promoted osteoblasts differentiation in vitro, which was modified by estrogen levels in medium. Compared to the control, the cell ALP activity (D405/D570) was increased to 23% (P<0.001) by 100nmol/L of daidzein in medium containing with 2% FBS. The increase was fell down to 8% in presence of 100 pmol/L 17β-estradiol and -11% in presence of 1 000 pmol/L. When cultured in MEM medium containing with 2% CSFBS, the cell ALP activities, which were slightly increased by 1-100 nmol/L of daidzein,were obviously increased by 16%-21% (P<0.05) in presence of 100 pmol/L 17β-estradiol. The promotions was weaken by the continued increase of estrogen in medium. The expressions of ERα were dramatically down regulated by 100 nmol/L of daidzein alone or the combination with 100 pmol/L of estradiol. The transcriptional levels of ERβ were markedly increased (up to 2.5 times) by estradiol, but decreased to 18% (P<0.05) by daidzein, while back to 67% (P>0.05) by the combination.The expressions of PPARγ were not altered significantly in transcriptional levels. Conclusions The results indicated that effects of daidzein in osteogenesis was modified by the levels of estrogen in medium and the optimal lower level of estrogen (≤100 pmol/L) was in favour of daidzein in promoting osteoblast differentiation.
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, risk factors and prognostic factors of 51 cases of cardiac rupture (CR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 51 patients who were diagnosed as CR after AMI and 204 patients who were chosen as a control group, between Jan. 2004 and Jan. 2014, at the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Results The mortality rate of CR was 67% (34 cases). The average time from chest pain to death was 17.4 days. Twenty-two cases (43%) of CR patients underwent emergency PCI and 11 died, 21 cases (41%) of CR patients underwent conservative therapy, in which 20 (95.2%) died, and 8 cases (15.7%) of CR patients underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting, in which 3 (37.5%) died. A total of 11 cases of CR patients reviewed underwent surgical repair. The average age, the proportion of women and hypertension, plasma NT-pro BNP, creatinine levels, glucose levels, and heart rate of the CR group were all significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), while left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), hemoglobin, and hematocrit of the CR group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the administration rates of β-blocker, ACEIs/ARBs, and Tirofiban of CR group were lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, low molecular weight heparin and mechanical ventilation administration rates were higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The study found high mortality rate in patients with CR after AMI. Advanced age, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, anemia, and low hematocrit levels were found as independent risk factors of the occurrence of CR. Meanwhile, female gender, left ventricular free wall rupture (FWR), low LVEF, high NT-proBNP levels, high blood sugar levels, and renal dysfunction were significantly associated with recent deaths (in 60 days), and were independent risk factors of CR after AMI.
Objective To evaluate imaging and histological outcomes of a new approach for repair of degenerative intervertebral discs in rabbit models by annular puncture injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) into the discs. Methods Sixteen healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A,PRP intervention group (n=4); group B, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) injection group (n=4); group C, modeling group (n=4); group D, control group (n=4). Rabbits in A, B and C group were treated by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) models L4/5 and L5/6 by annular puncture. The intervention was repeated two weeks later. The animals in group A were administered PRP prepared from the arterial blood of rabbit ears according to a method developed by Landesberg. Next, 0.1 mL PRP was injected into the discs according to models L4/5 and L5/6. Animals in group B were additionally injected with 0.1mL PBS into the same intervertebral spaces, while no further steps were taken for animals in group C. Two weeks after the second intervention, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. The animals were then euthanized and experimental disc tissues were removed. HE staining, Masson’s trichrome, Safranin O staining, and immunohistochemical staining of type Ⅱ collagen were performed to demonstrate the histological changes. Results All animals survived to the end of the experiment. The platelet count of PRP was approximately 3.69 times as much as that of peripheral blood. Over time, intervertebral space heights and disc signals decreased in group B and C, the differences of disc height index percentage (%DHI) and IDD classification of MRI between each time points were statistically significant (P<0.05). In group A and D, intervertebral space heights and disc signals had no significant changes, while at the time point of 4 weeks after first operation, the differences were statistically significant compared with group B and C (P<0.05). In group B and C, degeneration, necrosis, irregular, and uneven distribution of chondrocytes in the nucleus pulposus could be watched, cartilage matrix was gradually replaced by fiber bundles, proteoglycans and type Ⅱ collagen decreased. In group A and D, disc tissue morphology had no significant changes, while at the time point of 4 weeks after the first operation, the differences were statistically significant compared with group B and C (P<0.05). Conclusions The imaging and histological effects of autologous PRP injection on rabbit models of early-stage IDD are satisfactory. Early PRP intervention may effectively inhibit the progress of IDD.
Objective To investigate the repeatability of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) quantitative softwarein assessing transplanted kidney. Methods Fifty-four patients with transplanted kidney were recruited in the study, including 30 cases with normal transplanted renal function and 24 cases with acute rejection. Two investigators independently analyzed the CEUS videos with quantitative software.Four regions of interest (ROI) including interlobar artery, segmental artery, renal cortex and medulla were drew. For each ROI, time-intense curse (TIC) and the quantitative parameters including rising time (RT), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (mTT) and quality of fit (QOF) were obtained. The consistence of the former three parameters between two investigators was analyzed. Results The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of RT, TTP and mTT of interlobar artery, segmental artery, renal cortex and medulla between the two investigators were all more than 0.75 (0.795~0.954), and P all<0.001. Conclusions The consistence of parameters in assessing transplanted kidney with CEUS quantitative software was high. The repeatability of CEUS quantitative analysis between readers with different ultrasound experience was good.
Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on propofol dosage for successful laryngeal mask insertion. Methods Sixty patients aged 18-60 with BMI 18-25 kg/m2, ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Mallampati Ⅰ-Ⅱ undergoing selective hysteroscopic examinations were selected, and were randomly divided into control group (group P) and experiment group (group D), with 30 patients in each group. At the beginning of the study, experimental drugs (dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg in group D; normal saline in group P) were intravenously administrated at a constant velocity for 10 min by an infusion pump in each group. Five minutes later, 0.5 μg/kg fentanyl was intravenously injected, and effect-site concentration target controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol was performed with the initial target effect-site concentration of 3 μg/mL in both groups. The status of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, and according to the recorded status, the target propofol concentration of the following patient was determined by Dixon’s up-and-down method (ratio 1∶0.85), and then EC50 of propofol was determined. The respiratory and circulatory parameters and adverse reaction at each stage (T0: before applying dexmedetomidine or saline; T1:5 min after applying dexmedetomidine or saline; T2: after TCI of propofol and before LMA insertion; T3:1 min after LMA insertion; T4:5 min after LMA insertion) were recorded and compared. Results Effect-site EC50 values of propofol for successful laryngeal mask insertion were 3.53 μg/mL (95%CI:3.21-3.87 μg/mL) for group P and 2.70 μg/mL (95%CI:2.46-2.97 μg/mL) for group D (P<0.01). The baseline of SBP and HR in both groups had no significant difference (T0,P>0.05). After TCI of propofol, SBP in group P was significantly lower than that in group D (T2,P<0.01; T4,P<0.05); HR in group D was significantly lower than that in group P at every stage after dexmeditomidine was administered (T1-4,P<0.01).The incidence of apnea in group D was significantly lower than that in group P whether before laryngeal mask insertion (46.67% vs. 83.33%, P<0.01) or after laryngeal mask insertion (13.33% vs. 66.67%,P<0.05). Conclusions Dexmedetomidine can significantly reduce the EC50 values of propofol for successful laryngeal mask insertion, and may be beneficial to preserve spontaneous breath in general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway.
Objective To sum up the experience of three valve surgery with minimally invasive right-parasternal-approach. Methods From Jun.2013 to Mar.2014,12 patients were treated with this approach,which including 8 males and 4 females. The mean age was (48.3±9.1) years old, ranging from 35 to 65 years old. The etiology was including of rheumatic and degenerative valve disease. All 12 patients were under general anesthesia, double-lumen endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary bypass. 1 patient went for mitral valve, aortic valve and tricuspid valve replacement. Nine patients went for mitral valve, aortic valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair. The other 1 patient went for aortic valve replacement and mitral valve, tricuspid valve repair. Results There was no perioperational death, no conversion for full sternotomy and no resternotomy for bleeding. Six patients need blood transfusion of (408.3±444.4) mL on the average. No complication like aortic dissection, renal failure or infection happened. Follow-up observation showed no perivalvular leakage and cardiocerebral event occurred in average (6.3±2.0) months. Conclusions Three valve surgery with minimally invasive right-parasternal-approach is safe and feasible with less operation wound and more satisfaction for patients. It is one choice of clinical practice.
Objective To assess the clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis of microcystic elongated and fragmented (MELF) invasion in endometrial carcinoma. Methods Six patients with endometrial carcinoma showing MELF invasion pattern during Mar. 2011 to Jun. 2013 in Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University were collected. We analyzed retrospectively the association of MELF pattern invasion with clinical stage, pathological type and prognosis of the patients. Results The age of 6 patients were 44-68 years old, with a medium age of 56.5 years. The clinical manifestations were mainly abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. The 6 cases included 1 case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (grade Ⅰ) with clear cell adenocarcinoma (stage ⅠB); 1 case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (grade Ⅰ,stage ⅠB); 3 cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (grade Ⅰ, stage ⅢC), and 1 case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma stage (grade Ⅰ, ⅣB). Among them, 4 cases showed lymph node metastasis, 5 cases showed vascular metastasis. No recurrence was observed in the 6 patients during 5-29 months of follow-up. Conclusions MELF invasion pattern appears mostly in late stage endometrial denocarcinomas and is often accompanied with lymph nodes involvement.Lymph-vascular involvement and lymph nodes metastasis should be highly alerted when MELF invasion is present in endometrial adenocarcinoma lesions.
Objective To prepare and investigate a near infrared-emitting nanogel for fluorescence mapping of mouse lymph node. Methods Dextran-Cy7 nanogel was prepared by the dialysis of deoxycholic acid and Cy7-conjugated dextran in water. The morphology and particle size of the nanogel were characterized by transmit electron microscope and dynamic light scattering meter, respectively. The Cy7 content in the nanogel was determined by UV-spectrophotometer analysis. In vitro and in vivo toxicity of Dextran-Cy7 was assessed using DC2.4 cell line and C57 mouse mode, respectively. Ten Kunming mice were subcutaneously injected by the forepaw with Dextran-Cy7 and near-infrared fluorescence imaging of axillary lymph node was observed. The distribution of Dextran-Cy7 in the lymph node was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results Dextran-CY7 nanogel showed spherical morphology with average particle size of about 30-50 nm. The nanogel has good cell compatibility in vivo and in vitro. Dextran-CY7 nanogel may be applied as a probe for near-infrared fluorescence mapping of mouse axillary lymph node.The nanogel was found mainly in the macrophages of the lymph node. Conclusions Dextran-Cy7 nanogel is low-toxic, biocompatible and may serve as a fluorescence tracer for in vivo fluorescence imaging of lymph node.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and safety of a single dose of 0.125 mg and 0.25 mg of pramipexole tablets in healthy Chinese subjects for the registration of treating restless leg syndrome (RLS). Methods One single-dose, open-label, randomized and crossover study of oral pramipexole tablets was conducted in 12 healthy subjects (6 males, 6 females) aged from 20 to 30 years, who were orally administrated pramipexole tablet 0.125 mg in fasted state. After a washout period of 13 days,the subjects were orally administrated another dose of 0.25 mg. Plasma samples were collected before and after each of 12 healthy subjects was given a tablet. Concentrations of pramipexole were determined by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, ρmax, tmax, t1/2, CL/F, et al) of 0.125 mg and 0.25 mg dose groups were calculated with WinNonlin (R) Version 6.0. Safety assessment was performed throughout the experiment. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of 0.125 mg and 0.25 mg dose groups were as follows respectively: ρmax,(237±83) μg/L and (493±155) μg/L; tmax, (1.71±1.64) h and (1.21±1.01) h; t1/2, (6.12±2.21) h and (7.27±2.17) h; AUC0-∞, (1 791±765) μg•h•L-1 and (4 419±1 932) μg•h•L-1. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between different gender (P>0.05). Conclusions Tablets containing 0.125 mg and 0.25 mg pramipexole are absorbed quickly, and the extent of absorption increases with the dose. The pharmacokinetic properties are not influenced by gender. It is safe to use the agent. The experiment doses for treating RLS can be recommended.
Objective To evaluate the effect of different head positions on both the alignment of three upper airway axes and the space for the procedure of tracheal intubation by 3D CT imaging to build on anatomic evidence for optimizing tracheal intubation position. Methods One female volunteer underwent CT scanning in 3 anatomic supine positions:neutral,head extension and sniffing. The axis of the mouth (MA), the pharyngeal axis (PA) and the laryngeal axis (LA) were made on each scan to measure the various angles between these axes, which were marked as M-P, L-P and M-L. The reference lines for the occiput (O) and the atlas (A) were marked to measure the acute angle between them (A-O).Three-dimensional models of the upper airway were reconstructed from the CT scan images. The area of mouth and oropharynx were selected to calculate the volume of oral cavity (Vo) and oropharyngeal cavity (Vp). Results The comparison for the total values of the 3 angles (L-P+M-P+M-L) was: neutral > extension > sniffing position.The comparison for the L-P angle:neutral≈sniffing < extension; The M-P angle:sniffing <extension <neutral. The M-L angle:extension <sniffing <neutral. The comparison for A-O angle was: sniffing≈extension <neutral. The comparison for the Vo and Vp was:neutral < sniffing < extension. Vo and Vp in sniffing and extension position was 1.57 and 2 times of the volume in neutral position, respectively. Conclusions The sniffing position could achieve best alignment of the oral-pharyngeal-laryngeal axes, thus should be considered as the optimal position for direct laryngoscopic view for tracheal intubation. While the volume of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cavity was largest when in extension position, which might provide more convenient space for the procedure of tracheal intubation.
Objective To establish a novel method for detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of paraffin embedded liver tissues, and to discuss its application value and clinical significance. Methods The extraction DNA of 30 patients with chronic HBV infection in paraffin embedded liver tissues was digested by plasmid-safe ATP-dependent DNase (PSAD). Non cccDNA was removed, and then the necessary primers and Bst DNA polymerase were added together for loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The detection results combined with clinical laboratory data were analyzed to estimated its clinical application valus. Results Among the 30 HBV infected patients,17 cases were detected as HBV cccDNA positive with the positive detection rate of 56.67%, of which 5 cases were liver cancer, 4 cases were cirrhosis, 5 cases were severe chronic hepatitis B, and 3 cases were mild to moderate charonic hepatitis B. It revealed that positive HBV cccDNA might have a close link with the progress of the disease, also had a certain correlation with the serum HBV DNA loading, but had no obvious correlation with HBV serum markers and liver function. Conclusions LAMP detection method can indicate HBV cccDNA in the paraffin embedding liver tissue, which combined with clinical laboratory data has a certain significance in judging the antiviral efficacy and researching pathogenic mechanism of HBV.
Mitochondria provide basic energy for the cell life activities. Electron transfer complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane carry hydrogen and electronics to ATP enzyme complexes. This process is responsible for the energy and hydrogen ions across the membrane gradient cycle. The mitochondrial respiratort chain provides 95% of the energy to cell survival, which is mainly composed of 5 complex: NADPH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase located on the mitochondrial membrane. We explicated in detail molecular structure, function and biological significance of mitochondrial complexes in present article.
RNA dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) can synthesize complementary RNA strands by RNA templates. They can be classified as viral RdRPs and cellular RdRPs by their origins. Viral RdRPs are essential to viral genome replication and play an important role in host immune response. Additionally, cellular RdRPs are mainly involved in RNA interference (RNAi). The current research shows an inextricable connection between RdRP functions and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation. Here we summarizes the functions of viral RdRPs and cellular RdRPs in ncRNA regulation, and proposes new ideas regarding hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced hepatoma-genesis.
Thermosensitive liposome (TSL) is commonly deployed as an antitumor agent carrier, which can establish local high medicine concentrations at tumor sites and enhance killing effects on tumor cells, at the same time, decrease systemic side effects when associated with hyperthermia treatment, demonstrating gorgeous application prospects. Currently, changing the material composition of the liposome membrane, to improve the function of liposome is under intense investigation, this paper reviews the recent research status of TSL.
nterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of polymyositis (PM)/ dermatomyositis (DM), with bad outcomes and significant mortality, which is the primary reason for hospital admission and death. Steroids remain the first-line therapy for ILD in patients with DM/PM. However, steroids are often not sufficient for the improvement of ILD. The pathogenesis of PM/DM-ILD is not completely understood. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel and effective therapies for ILD. This review mainly presents recent advances of autoantibody, immunocyte, cytokine, cathepsin and genetics in pathogenesis of PM/DM-ILD.
Tea is a kind of common beverage in our daily life, the active component of it is tea polyphenols (TP). TP is easy to obtained from natural green plants with low cost and slight adverse reaction.TP have many effects, such as anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, aesthetic health care, etc, which can obviously relieve pathological injury of skin disease. Therefore, it was believed that polyphenols had wide applications in the treatment of skin diseases.
