Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanisms of a combination of delayed ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and galectin-9 (Gal-9) against kidney injury caused by ischemia reperfusion (IR) in mice.Methods Seventy-five male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:IR,IPC-IR,IPC-Gal9-IR,IPC-Gal9-PC61-IR and sham-sham groups (n=5).(1) IR group:On day 1,the bilateral renal pedicles were separated without occlusion.Five days after the sham surgeries,mice were subjected to 35min occlusion of bilateral renal pedicles.(2) IPC-IR group:On day 1,bilateral renal pedicles were clamped for 18 min.A daily injection of 50 μL PBS was subcutaneously administered during day 2 to day 5.Five days after the IPC,mice were subjected to 35min occlusion of bilateral renal pedicles.(3) IPC-Gal9-IR group:On day 1,bilateral renal pedicles were clamped for 18 min.A daily injection of 5 μg (50 μL) Gal-9 was subcutaneously administered during day 2 to day 5.Five days after the IPC,mice were subjected to 35min occlusion of bilateral renal pedicles.(4) IPCGal9-PC61-IR group:On day 1,bilateral renal pedicles were clamped for 18 min.A daily injection of 5 μg (50 μL) Gal-9 was subcutaneously administered during day 2 to day 5.Apart from the IPC,IR procedure and Gal-9 injection,the specific antagonist of regulatory T cells (Treg),200 μg of PC 61,was administered via peritoneal injection on day 3 and day 5 after the IPC.Five days after the IPC,mice were subjected to 35min occlusion of bilateral renal pedicles.(5) Sham-sham group:On day 1 and day 5,bilateral renal pedicles were separated without occlusion.The mice were sacrificed 24 h,72 h and 7 days after IR.Renal function was assessed based on the serum creatinine (Scr) and renal pathology.The peripheral blood,the spleen and kidney were also collected to evaluate the Treg expression by flow cytometric analysis.Results The mice Scr 24 h and 72 h after IR in IPC-IR group was significantly lower than that in IR group (P<0.01),the Scr of the IPC-Gal9-IR group was significantly lower than that of the IPC-IR group (P<0.05) as well.While difference was not marked between the IPC-Gal9-PC61-IR group and the IR group (P＞0.05).The tubulointerstitial injury score 24 h after IR in the IPC-IR group was lower than that in the IR group (P<0.05),the IPC-Gal9-IR group was markedly lower than the IPCIR group (P<0.05).The renal neutrophil infiltration and the IFN-γ secreting CD4+T cells in the kidney of the IPC-Gal9IR group decreased (P＜0.05).Percentage of Treg in the peripheral blood,spleen and kidney of the IPC-Gal9-IR group increased markedly compared with the IR group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The renal protective effect of delayed IPC in combination with Gal-9 administration was superior to simply IPC in mice,which may related to systematical expansion of Treg.
Objective To examine the effects of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) during programmed necrotic cell death in human colon cancer HT-29 cells and to explore the potential regulating mechanism of E3 ubiquitin ligase,tripartite domain containing protein 16 (Trim 16),during the process.Methods Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α) was used to establish the programmed necrosis model of HT-29 cells.Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method was used to observe the necrosisinducing effects of TNF α in human colon cancer HT-29 cells.Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were applied to detect RIPK1 expression level during the programmed necrosis process.We generated a HT-29 stable cell line expressing flag-tagged RIPK1.Combining Flag-tagged pulldown and mass spectrometry detection,we were able to find new proteins interacting with RIPK1.Ni-NTA pulldown assay was used to explore the possible regulation effects of new interacting E3 ubiquitin ligase.Results TNF α could successfully induce the programmed necrosis of HT-29 cells.HT-29 cells demonstrated significantly increased RIPK1,RIPK3,MLKL expression in response to TNFα plus z-VAD treatment,which was accompanied by drastically increased IL1α and IL6 expression.Flag-tagged pulldown and mass spectrometry discovered a new RIPK1 interacting protein Trim16 which was also an E3 ubiquitin ligase.In vitro experiments indicated that Trim16 could enhance the ubiquitination of RIPK1,which may function as a regulating mechanism during programmed necrosis.Conclusions We discovered that mechanically RIPK1 had a fundamental role during programmed necrosis of HT-29 cells induced by TNFα plus 2-VAD,in which E3 ligase Trim16 may have a potential major regulating effects.
Objective To investigate the relationship between pelvic serous cancer stemlike cells (CSC) and peritoneal metastasis.Methods Primary pelvic serous cancer tissues and ascites were obtained from 17 female patients without preoperative chemotherapy from July 2011 to July 2013.Side population (SP) cells and aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH+) cells were tested by Hoechst33342 staining and ALDH staining respectively to observe their expression difference and their relationship with pelvic metastasis.Results Among the detectable specimen,73.3% (11/15) were detected SP cells positive (percentage of SP cells>0.15%),and 100% (10/10) ALDH+ cells in either primary foci or ascites.Comparing the cells percentage from different sites in the same patients,73.3% (11/15) of the patients showed higher SP cells in ascites than those in primary tumors (P=0.01),whereas 90% (9/10) of the patiens showed higher ALDH+ cells in ascites than those in primary tumors (P=003).Furthermore,patients with both SP positive and more ALDH+ cells in ascites showed more metastatic sites than those with only SP positive or ALDH+ cells(P<0.05),however,they had little difference in metaststic rate(P>0.05).Conclusions Higher percentage of SP cells and ALDH+ cells in ascites indicates that pelvic serous CSC are related with peritoneal metastasis and disease progression.
Objective To study the relationship between Notch ligand JAG1,rate-limiting enzymes ADAM10 and ADAM17 and congenital heart disease (CHD).Methods We sequenced those three genes′ promotor region and 3′-UTR region in 1 053 CHD cases and 1 000 controls from Shanghai and Shandong Province.Statistical analysis and brief functional verification were made.Results We found 7 SNPs and 1 Haplotype in the non-coding region which were significantly higher in frequency in cases than in controls (P<0.0001).Dual-luciferase assay proved that the rs3811592M rs13415726M rs3811591M and haplotype in the promoter region of ADAM17 could significantly down-regulate the gene expression,while the SNP rs7264849M in the promoter region of JAG1 could significantly up-regulate the gene expression,which in turn can contribute to abnormal heart decelopment.Conclusions These SNPs may affect the Notch pathway and results in signaling disorder.
Objective To evaluate the recurrence rate of bladder cancer patients after bladder-sparing surgery and to find the risk factors.Methods From Jan.,2003 to June,2010,452 patients in our hospital underwent bladder-sparing surgery (partial cystectomy or transurethral resection) and were confirmed as urothelial carcinoma pathologically,among which 341 were males and 111 were females,with an average age of (62.6±15.8) years.All cases were followed up for 2 years and the clinical characteristics including basic data (age,gender,smoking history),tumor characteristics (amount,grading,staging),postoperative treatment and recurence rate were collected.All cases were divided to 3 groups according to the recurrence frequency:no-recurrence group (NR),lowrecurrence group (LR) which means recurrent only once during first 2 postoperative years,high-recurrence group (HR) which means recurrent more than twice.The clinical pathological data were compared among the three groups.All the recurrent low-grade cases were divided into 2 groups:stable group (tumor grades remained low during first 2 postoperative years) and progress group (tumor grades elevated).The clinical pathological data of the 2 groups were compared.Results Total recurrence rate was 45.1% (204/452) with 248 cases in NR group,127 cases in LR group and 77cases in HR.Significant differences were found among these 3 groups in smoking history,tumor grading,tumor staging,tumor amount and regular intravesicle chemotherapy,while patient age,gender,intravenous chemotherapy,radiation therapy and BCG therapy were not different significantly.In the 110 cases of recurrent low grade,79 cases were in stable group and 31 cases were in progress group.Significant differences were found in smoking history and tumor staging.No significant difference was found on age,genda,tumor amount and regular intraveside chemotherapy.Conclusions Smoking history,tumor grading,staging,tumour quantity and irregular intravesicle chemotherapy are risk factors of bladder cancer recurrence.Smoking and tumour staging are risk factors of tumour grade elevation.Meanwhile,postoperative smoking cessation is benefit for decreasing recurrence rate.
Objective To determine the association between miRNA-146a gene rs2910164,rs57095329,rs6864584 polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE) among Chinese Han Nationality women population in south of the Yangtse River.Methods A case-control study including 179 SLE patients and 179 healthy individuals was designed,using the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for genotyping.Univariate and multivariate Logistic analysis were used under multiple genetic models (additive,dominant,recessive),to determine the association between miRNA-146a and SLE.The chi-square test was used to explore the polymorphism and various clinical features.Results The higher frequency of miRNA-146a gene rs2910164 G allele may significantly increase the risk of SLE than C allele (P=0.003,OR=1.572,95%CI:1.169-2.114).Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that rs57095329 allele frequency was related to SLE under all genetic models (additive:P=0.007,OR=1.849,95%CI:1.182-2.893;dominant:P=0.031,OR=3.478,95%CI:1.121-10.792;recessive:P=0.010,OR=2.081,95%CI:1.189-3.642).Compared with AA genotype,the AG and GG genotype may increase the risk of SLE.The study of clinical features indicated that rs2910164 G allele may increase kidney damage and anti-SM abnormality;miRNA-146a rs57095329 A allele may decrease the risk of kidney,joint,neural system damage.Individuals with AA genotype may lower the risk of anti-RNP abnormality.Conclusions miRAN-146a rs2910164 and rs57095329 polymorphisms may related to SLE susceptibility in Chinese Han Nationality women population in south of the Yangtse River.Also,they may link to some clinical features (kidney damage) and immune indexes (antiRNP) as well.However,we failed to detect any associations of rs6864584 with SLE.
Objective To discuss the standard way and the reference value of ultrasound blood flow measurement in forearm autogenous arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) for haemodialysis access.Methods Blood flow was measured with Philips iU22 ultrasound system in totally 60 well-functioning mature forearm arteriovenous fistulas.Each one received measurements in 3 parts:radial artery,cephalic vein and brachial artery.Then the achievement rate and the reproducibility (which was analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficient) in different parts of arteriovenous fistula were calculated to choose the most suitable measuring position.To make sure the difference between blood flow organized by area and by diameter,the first 20 cases received two ways to get vascular cross-sectional area.We also analyzed the difference of blood flow between different primary diseases and different ways of vascular anastomoses.At last,we established the reference value of ultrasound blood flow in arteriovenous fistulas.Results The blood flow of arteriovenous fistulas measured by ultrasound was stable.The brachial artery was the preferred measuring arterry.There was significant difference in blood flow between different primary diseases and different methods of vascular anastomosis (P<0.05).The blood flow values measured in two ways of obtaining area were similar (P>0.05).Through the present study of 60 cases of ultrasound mearurement of forearm arteriovenous fistulas blood flow,a reference value range of 297-1 909 mL/min was recommended.Conclusions The brachial artery is the best measuring position,and it needs more careful examinations when the blood flow is too low (<300 mL/min) or too high (>2 000 mL/min).
Objective To explore whether body adiposity index (BAI) could be a new marker of obesity in the Chinese population,and furthermore to evaluated the advantages of BAI in obesity assessment compared with other indicators such as body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC) and so on.Methods Five thousand and thirty residents as the participants from Jinshan New Area and nearby neighborhoods of Shanghai were enrolled,inculding 2 004 males and 3 026 females.After stratified by age,the correlation analysis of BAI was calculated with BMI,waist-hip ratio(WHR),fasting blood glucose,blood lipid,blood uric acid and blood pressure in each group.In addition,the comparison of BAI,BMI and WC et al in the prediction of obesity were calculated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.Results The results from the correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between BAI,BMI,WC,WHR and metabolicindicators,especailly with BMI and WC.Additionally,ROC analysis revealed that there was less advantageous of BAI in obesity prediction than BMI and WC.Conclusions BAI could be a new marker of obesity in the Chinese population,but it seems that BAI was not a more sensitive method in obesity assessment than BMI and WC.
Objective To evaluate the effect of TAC chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its prognosis influencing factors.Methods Eighty-seven cases of TNBC with TAC chemotherapy treated in our hospital between 2006 and 2013 were included in our study.We described the clinicopathological characteristics (age,menopause status,tumor size,tumor histological grade,lymphnode metastasis,vascular invasion),chemotherapy adverse effect,disease free survival (DFS) rate,and overall survival (OS) rate after a median follow-up of 25 months.The factors associated with prognosis were also evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Forty-five out of 87 cases (51.7%) were pre-menopausal while 42 cases (48.3%) post-menopause.Mean tumor size was (2.90±1.68) cm (1.0-11.0 cm) with T1 35 cases (40.2%),T2 45 cases (51.7%), T3 7 cases (8.0%).Lymph node metastasis rate was 41.4%,with N0 51 cases (58.6%), N1 26 cases (29.9%),N2 7 cases (8.0%), N3 3 cases (3.4%).Vascular invasion rate was 25.3%.Seventy-seven cases (88.5%) underwent mastectomy whereas 9 case (10.3%) breast-conserving surgery.Seventy-seven cases (88.5%) underwent TAC adjuvant chemotherapy and 10 cases (11.5%) TAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The main adverse effect of the chemotherapy was neutropenia which was not very serious.Recurrence or metastasis occurred in 9 cases, of which 7 were visceral metastasis, and 5 cases died.Two-year DFS and OS were 87% and 94%.Univariate analysis showed that T stage, N stage, vascular invasion and chemotherapy mode were related with DFS and OS.Cox regression showed that only T stage was the independent factor of DFS (P=0.003) with T>5 cm 23.52 times risk of T<2 cm, whereas none of the factors above was the independent factor of OS (P>0.05).Conclusions TNBC has a high risk of relapse within early time,and a tendency of distant metastasis.Tumor with big mass is more likely to relapse within early time.There maybe other important mechanism apart from lymph node invasive which contributes to tumor early relapse.
Objective To understand the demographic characteristics,drug using behaviors and follow-up state of the patients in methadone clinic in Liangshan Prefecture,Sichuan Province,from March 2004 to March 2012,and to provide a basis for better methadone maintenance treatment
(MMT).Methods The data of all 9013 entrants in the 11 national methadone clinics in Liangshan Prefecture were collected from the national database.Information regarding the demographic data,drug using behaviors of all entrants and factors that influencing follow-up were analyzed by descriptive analysis,univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Most of the 9013 patients are Yi male farmers,with an average age of 31.17±7.42 years old;84.25% of them were in the 20-39 age group;married accounted for 73.65%,followed by unmarried for 21.28%;mainly were primary school education (44.20% ),next were middle school and illiteracy,very few of patients were high school educational or higher level.The initial age of drug use was 25.12±7.63 years old;the first drug use time reported by the patients in methadone clinic was mainly from 1991 to 2011,most reported cases were around 2007 to 2008.Before treatment,99.06% of the patients used heroin,47.84%of which injected drugs,36.51% of the addicts shared syringes,47.70% of the addicts had tried to quit drugs.Follow-up rates of 6,12,24,36,48,60 and 72 months were 45.41%,18.75%,8.98%,3.92%,0.96%,0.28%,0.02%,respectively.Many factors affected the 6 months follow-up rate,such as greater age (OR=1.20),female (OR=1.34),married (OR=1.17),junior middle school or high school educational level (OR=1.31,1.54),ethnic Han (OR=1.28),had tried to quit drug (OR=1.35),which made 6 months follow-up rate higher;occupation was farmers (OR=0.80),age of first drug use was higher age group (OR=0.85) and not live with their parents/relatives (OR=0.56) made 6 months follow-up rate lower.Conclusions Drug users in Liangshan Prefecture were younger age and lower quality,which seriously affected the follow-up rate of MMT cohort,MMT program should be further strengthened.
Objective To examine the impact of occult or overt hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection during pregnancy on the incidence of preterm birth.Methods We prospectively enrolled singleton pregnant women with alive newborns from June 1st, 2012 to March 15, 2013 in Anqing City Hospital.
Serum samples were collected and tested with HBV surface antigen and S gene segment.Demographic information was collected from hospital electronic medical records system.Then single variate and multivariate analysis were used to compare the incidence of preterm birth by the status of infection with HBV.Results The proportion of preterm birth rate was 21.00% (189/900) overall and it was 20.51% (16/78),20.00% (14/70) and 21.14% (159/752) respectively among pregnant women with occult HBV infection (OBI),those with overt HBV infection and those nonHBV controls,whose demographic characteristics were roughly comparable.The single and multivariate analysis did not find that the incidence of preterm birth was significantly associated with the status of infection with HBV.Based on the NonHBV group,the mutivariate analysis of COX regression found that the adjusted relative ratio (RRa) was 1.03 (0.81,1.32) for the overt HBV group while the RRa was 0.99 (0.78,1.25) for the OBI group.The multiple linear regression showed that the regression coefficient β was 0.09 (-0.14,0.31) of gestational weeks against HBV infection groups.Conclusions Our results show that infection with occult or overt HBV does not have an obvious correlation with preterm birth.
Objective To survey the caries prevalence and monitor the incidence rate of 3-year-old children cohort in eastern China from 2010 to 2012,ao as to provide scientific basis for the promotion of children′s oral health.Methods The surveillance was conducted using the stratified,cluster sampling method in Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong Province.A cohort group (n=896) was built for surveillance of caries in deciduous teeth among 3-year-old children who enrolled in kindergarten in 2010.The dentists checked teeth for children annually from 2010 to 2012.Results Follow-up rate was 79.8% (n=715) in this study,and the caries prevalence rate of the 715 children was 41.4%,55.0% and 63.9% during their 3,4 and 5 years old respectively,increasing annually (Z=-8.535,P<0.05);decayed,missing or filled-teeth (dmft) was 1.76,2.54,3.31 respectively,and increased by 0.78 annually (F=33.886,P<0.05),and significant caries indices (SiC) was 2.9,2.6 and 2.4 times more than the annual dmft respectively.During 3-4 years old and 4-5 years old,the caries incidence rate was 43.6% and 46.9% respectively,and the 2 years cumulative incidence was 62.7%.Cumulative incidence of rural children was greater than the urban children (P<0.05).The prevalence and incidence of the maxillary incisor and mandibular milk molar kept high during the surveillance.Conclusions Caries prevalence and incidence rate of children in eastern region of China keep high during 35 years old,prevention should be started early in children feeding.Comprehensive control measures of cariesfree children,as well as high caries risk area,individuals and dental positions should be implemented.
Objective To investigate the satisfaction on hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD),so as to provide references for improving the quality of hemodialysis.Methods A self-made patient satisfaction questionnaire was designed to investigate the demographic characteristics,the propaganda and education,and the satisfaction of hemodialysis.Totally 422 patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis from 5 cities (in southern,middle or northern area) of Jiangsu Province were surveyed between Mar. and May, 2013.The eligible retrieval rate was 97.2% (410/422).Results Among the 410 respondents,371 (90.5%) accepted education about hemodialysis.And there were 7 (1.7%),152 (37.1%),209 (51.0%) and 42 (10.2%) patients whose cognition of hemodialysis was no understanding,part of understanding,most of understanding and fully understanding,respectively.There were 320 (78.0%),66 (16.1%),8 (2.0%) and 5 (1.2%) patients whose general satisfaction degree on hemodialysis was very satisfied,satisfied,general and dissatisfied,respectively.The influencing factors on general satisfaction degree of ESRD patients with hemodialysis screened by Logistic analysis were gender,health status,doctors′ explanation to patients′ questions and the clean and comfortable degree of the waiting room and dialysis room (P<0.05).Conclusions The ESRD patients′ general satisfaction degree was fine,however,there was still great space to improve in popularity and sufficiency of health education.To create a clean and comfortable environment and improve doctors′ explanation to patients′ questions would be help to improve the overall satisfaction.
Objective To study the prenatal ultrasonographic findings of fetuses with trisomy 21.Methods Among 1 362 fetal chromosome analyses,trisomy 21 was diagnosed by amniocentesis in 20 fetuses between Jan 2010 and Dec 2012.The prenatal ultrasonographic findings of those fetuses were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 20 cases of trisomy 21,accounting for 33.3% of all (60 cases) fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities.The age of pregnant women was from 21 to 41 years old,and 14 cases (70%) was less than 35 years old.Prenatal ultrasonography did not reveal any abnormal findings in 8 (40%) of the 20 fetuses,whereas 12 (60%) of the cases had one or more abnormal prenatal ultrasonographic manifestations during the late of first trimester or the second trimesters,which were shown as:being absent or short nasal bone (3 cases),skin edema and hydrothorax and seroperitoneum (3 cases),unfused amnion and chorion after 14 weeks age (2 cases),thickened nuchal translucency (2 cases),thickened nuchal fold (2 cases),echogenic intracardiac focus (2 cases),double bubble sign (1 case),bilateral ventriculomegaly (1 case) and the short femur & humerus (1 case),cardiac abnormalities (loss of endocardial cushion,1 case),polyhydramnios (1 case),acromphalus (1 case) and tricuspid regurgitation (1 case).Conclusions The age of most
pregnant women with trisomy 21 fetuses was less than 35 years old.There was no abnormal prenatal ustrasonographic finding in quite a number of trisomy 21 fetuses,which those had abnormal findings were relatively scattered and lacking specific ultrasonographic features.
Objective To investigate the net increment of insulin/glucose (ΔIS/G) at different time points during arginine stimulation test for the function assessment of islet β cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),so as to explore a simple method of arginine stimulation test.Methods Serum glucose (G),insulin (IS) and Cpeptide (CP) were measured at 2,4 and 6 minutes after arginine stimulation in 1 730 patients with T2DM collected by Zhongshan hospital from Sept.,2013 to Jan.,2014.The function of islet β cells was judged by the average ΔIS/G after arginine stimulation.Pearson′s correlation was used to analyze the relation of the average ΔIS/G,and the ΔIS/G at 2 minutes (Δ2IS/G),4 minutes (Δ4IS/G) and 6 minutes (Δ6IS/G) after arginine stimulation.BlandAltman analysis was performed to analyze the consistency of these different indexes.Results The ΔIS/G at each time point during arginine stimulation (Δ2IS/G,Δ4IS/G and Δ6IS/G) was significantly associated with the average ΔIS/G(Δ2IS/G:r=0.889,P<0.01;Δ4IS/G:r=0.973,P<0.01;Δ6IS/G:r=0.903,P<0.01).Furthermore,the most significant correlation was observed between Δ4IS/G and ΔIS/G.Bland-Altman analysis showed that Δ2IS/G,Δ4IS/G and Δ6IS/G was highly consistent with the average ΔIS/G,among which Δ4IS/G was the most suitable for alternative index.Conclusions The Δ4IS/G in the arginine stimulation test could be used as reliable parameters in evaluating the early phase insulin secretion of β cells in patients with T2DM.
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of endometrial sampling device in the endometrial screening.Methods A total of 115 cases were enrolled with indications for endometrial biopsy for any indications in the medical center for diagnosis and treatment of cervical diseases of our hospital.They were evaluated for endometrium with endometrial sampling device prior to dilatation and curettage from Jan., 2012 to Mar., 2012.Pathological diagnostic accordance rate of the two methods was compared.The specimen sufficiency of endometrial sampling device,intraoperative pain and bleeding,postoperative complications,and the patients′ compliance were evaluated.Results The sufficient sample rate of endometrial sampling device was 97.4%,the patients′ compliance rate was 100%,the pathological diagnostic accordance rate between endometrial sampling device and dilatation
and curettage was 96.4%,in which the accordance rate of physiological endometrium was 100%.No complications and adverse events were occurred in the study.Conclusions Endometrial sampling device biopsy is a procedure with simplicity,minimal invasion,low cost and satisfactory patient compliance.
Objective To apply maximum likelihood (ML) inference to left-censored allergen data.Methods Using both case study and simulated data,we compared ML method with substitution (using LOD/2) and deletion of left-censored values in analyzing the relationship between left-censored Bla g roach allergen and asthma.A log-normal distribution and a zero-inflated log-normal distribution were chosen as the distribution of left-censored Bla g roach allergen for the ML method,and Logistic regression was used to model the relationship between Bla g allergen and asthma.Results In general,the ML methods with the zeroinflated log-normal distribution for left-censored data produced more reasonable and stable results in treating left-censored allergen data.The common method of substitution using LOD/2,however,resulted in an erroneous and opposite Bla g allergen and asthma association.Conclusions When dealing with the left-censored allergen data,we suggest using a zero-inflated log-normal distribution to model left-censored data and apply ML for parameter estimation and hypothesis testing.
Objective To evaluate the cleaning efficiency on failed dental implants treated by plastic curretes and air powder abrasive.Methods The failed Bego Semado S-line implants caused by peri-implantitis were inspected under scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) before and after cleaning by plastic curretes and air powder abrasive respectively.Results The surface of implants were cleaned after instrumentation with plastic curretes and further cleaned after air powder abrasive treatment.The atomic percent of carbon was dropped after cleaning by plastic curretes and further decreased after air powder abrasive treatment (P＜0.05).The atomic percent of Ti was increased after cleaning by plastic curretes and air powder abrasive treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions Air powder abrasive treatment was highly recommended in the treatment of peri-implantitis for the Bego Semado S-line.
Objective To design and verify a simple method to calculate the consumption of sevoflurane during surgery,by comparing it with weighting method and formula method.Methods In experiment part one,sevoflurane was added into vaporizer by using an injection syringe from the mini volume line.Straightedge was used to verify how much sevoflurane would elevate one millimeter in the height of liquid level line,and sevoflurane was added until the liquid reached the maximum volume line.In experiment part two,twenty-five female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ,were randomly allocated to receive intravenous inhalational anesthesia after intravenous anesthesia induction.The anesthesiologist adjust the depth of anesthesia by regulating the fresh gas flow and vaporizer dial.Weighting method,measurement method and formula method were adopted to calculate the consumption of sevoflurane during surgery.Results The Spearman′s correlation coefficient (R2) between formula method and weighting method was found to be 0.9295 and was highly statistically significant (P<0.001).The correlation between measurement method and weighting method was statistically significant and the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.9778 (P<0.001).Conclusions Measurement method is a simple and reliable method to calculate the consumption of sevoflurane during surgery.
Clopidogrel is the most widely used clinical antiplatelet drug which can prevent artery thrombosis and recurrent cardiovascular events in patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Several studies indicate that genetic factor plays an important role in individual differences in response to clopidogrel which results in great concerns of pharmacogenomics in clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy.Government,academic institution and research institution of personalized medicine have published recommendations and guidelines of clopidogrel clinical application recently.However,personalized clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy based on pharmacogenomics needs more evidence of evidencebased medicine.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components (including obesity,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,etc.) were closely associated with prostate cancer.There was a complex biological network connecting MS and the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer.The present review summarized the related epidemiologic and fundamental researches about the relationship between MS and prostate cancer,highlighting several molecular mechanisms involving in cytokines,insulin and insulinlike growth factor (IGF),hormones,inflammation and immune systems,fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms.Then several strategies such as enhancing primary prevention,broadening the indications of classic medications and inventing new drugs targeting novel molecules were also discussed.
Coronary venous system is an important part of the circulatory system and serves as a channel and mark for interventional cardiology.Multidetector row helical CT (MDCT) coronary angiography has been widely recognized as a noninvasive tool for assessing coronary artery diseases.With the development of technology,MDCT has been increasingly used to evaluate coronary venous system noninvasively.This review is aimed to summarized the use of MDCT in the display of the anatomy of the coronary venous system,the diagnosis of coronary venous related diseases,and the application in interventional cardiology.
Non-muscle myosin Ⅱ (NMⅡ) acts as key roles in the broad ranges of basic biological functions,such as mitosis,migration,cytokinesis,vesicle metastasis repair and secretion etc.,and conserved from unicellular organisms to humans.Its expression is closely related with functions of cells and therefore there has great significance.In this paper,the latest advances of NMⅡ in physiological and pathological functions are reviewed.
Osteocalcin (OCN),an osteoblast-specific secretory non-collagenous protein,is involved in the regulation of insulin secretion,glucose metabolism and energy consumptions as one of the key moleculars in the important crosstalk between skeleton system and energy metabolic organs.As the central organ of energy metabolism,the liver participates in multiple metabolic pathways.Fundamental studies demonstrated that hepatic steatosis could be rescued by OCN.The possible mechanism may be associated with the decreased serum triglyceride level,increased insulin secretion,improved insulin sensitivity,reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions.Furthermore,mounting clinical studies showed that OCN was closely related to glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism and obesity,but the relationship between OCN and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial.
Neuropeptide Y (neuropeptide Y,NPY) is an important factor that promotes obesity that widely distributes in central and perpheral nervous system,thus making it a target for the development of drugs to lose weight.Although most researches have been focusing on its role in stimulating appetite,more and more evidence demonstrated that NPY regulates energy metabolism in many ways.Central and peripheral NPY can promote the storage of brown adipose tissue (BAT),which finally lead to obesity.This review summarizes distributions of NPY and its role in the development of obesity both centrally and peripherally.
