| Variables | All (n=147) | Non-hypoglycemia group (n=90) | Hypoglycemia group (n=57) | P |
| BMI: Body mass index; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; PPG: Postprandial plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1.Data were shown as x±s, median (IQR) or n(%). | ||||
| Gender (female/male) | 58 (39.46)/89 (60.54) | 35 (38.89)/55 (61.11) | 23 (40.35)/34 (59.65) | 0.860 |
| Age (y) | 61.88±11.06 | 62.70±11.20 | 60.58±10.82 | 0.259 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.99±4.31 | 25.07±4.42 | 24.87±4.16 | 0.793 |
| Duration of diabetes (y) | 10.00 (5.75-17.25) | 10.00 (6.00-18.25) | 10.00 (5.00-17.00) | 0.689 |
| Microvascular complications | 126 (85.71) | 75 (83.33) | 51 (89.47) | 0.372 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 97 (65.99) | 62 (68.89) | 35 (61.40) | 0.258 |
| Neuropathy | 85 (57.82) | 51 (56.67) | 34 (59.65) | 0.840 |
| Retinopathy | 36 (24.49) | 19 (21.11) | 17 (29.82) | 0.297 |
| Nephropathy | 42 (28.57) | 26 (28.89) | 16 (28.07) | 0.781 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Combined hypertension | 80 (54.42) | 56 (62.22) | 24 (42.11) | 0.017(1) |
| Duration of hypertension (y) | 10.00 (6.50-20.00) | 10.00 (5.00-20.00) | 15.00 (10.00-20.00) | 0.190 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 39 (26.53) | 26 (28.89) | 13 (22.81) | 0.393 |
| Fatty liver | 64 (43.54) | 40 (44.44) | 24 (42.11) | 0.760 |
| Diabetes therapy | ||||
| Insulin treatment | 86 (58.50) | 46 (51.11) | 40 (70.18) | 0.022(1) |
| Insulin secretagogues | 33 (22.45) | 24 (26.67) | 9 (15.79) | 0.124 |
| Sulfonylureas | 19 (12.93) | 13 (14.44) | 6 (10.53) | 0.490 |
| Glinides | 14 (9.52) | 11 (12.22) | 3 (5.26) | 0.161 |
| Metformin | 93 (63.27) | 57 (63.33) | 36 (63.16) | 0.983 |
| Glitazones | 9 (6.12) | 8 (8.89) | 1 (1.75) | 0.079 |
| α-glucosidase inhibitors | 58 (39.46) | 38 (42.22) | 20 (35.09) | 0.389 |
| Sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitors | 14 (9.52) | 9 (10.00) | 5 (8.77) | 0.805 |
| Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists | 7 (4.76) | 3 (3.33) | 4 (7.02) | 0.307 |
| Dipeptidy1 peptidase-4 inhibitors | 44 (29.93) | 27 (30.00) | 17 (29.82) | 0.982 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | ||||
| Diuretics | 11 (7.48) | 9 (10.00) | 2 (3.51) | 0.145 |
| Adrenergic receptor blockers | 26 (17.69) | 18 (20.00) | 8 (14.04) | 0.356 |
| α receptor blockers | 8 (5.44) | 5 (5.56) | 3 (5.26) | 0.939 |
| β blockers | 21 (14.29) | 15 (16.67) | 6 (10.53) | 0.300 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 45 (30.61) | 30 (33.33) | 15 (26.32) | 0.368 |
| Renin-angiotensin system blockers | 48 (32.65) | 31 (34.44) | 17 (29.82) | 0.561 |
| Glucose metabolism parameters | ||||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.48 (5.70-9.78) | 8.22 (6.50-10.50) | 6.41 (4.69-8.95) | < 0.001(3) |
| PPG (mmol/L) | 11.58 (9.35-14.73) | 12.71 (9.87-15.34) | 10.71 (8.72-13.33) | 0.030(1) |
| Fasting plasma insulin (mU/L) | 8.40 (4.60-14.10) | 9.00 (4.99-14.70) | 8.20 (3.58-13.40) | 0.156 |
| Postprandial plasma insulin (mU/L) | 27.28 (11.33-51.58) | 28.41 (13.74-51.32) | 26.53 (7.06-56.07) | 0.907 |
| Fasting plasma C peptide (μg/L) | 2.01 (1.27-2.85) | 2.21 (1.40-3.00) | 1.56 (0.90-2.45) | 0.007(2) |
| Postprandial plasma C peptide (μg/L) | 4.27 (2.85-6.92) | 4.65 (3.15-7.08) | 3.86 (2.34-6.85) | 0.194 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.45 (7.10-9.68) | 8.60 (7.10-9.85) | 8.30 (7.00-9.60) | 0.530 |
| Glycated albumin (g/dL) | 0.70 (0.57-0.93) | 0.72 (0.58-0.94) | 0.69 (0.54-0.83) | 0.206 |
| GA-A (g/dL) | 3.31 (3.11-3.50) | 3.31 (3.11-3.52) | 3.31 (3.09-3.48) | 0.669 |
| Glycated albumin ratio (%) | 21.34 (17.24-28.46) | 22.32 (17.23-29.38) | 20.27 (17.19-27.37) | 0.410 |
| Liver and renal function parameters | ||||
| Total protein (g/L) | 66.70±5.61 | 66.76±5.63 | 66.62±5.64 | 0.892 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 41.50 (39.40-44.00) | 41.70 (39.50-44.00) | 41.40 (38.80-43.45) | 0.319 |
| Globulin (g/L) | 25.55±3.91 | 25.28±3.63 | 25.98±4.32 | 0.305 |
| Albumin/Globulin | 1.65±0.31 | 1.67±0.28 | 1.61±0.35 | 0.305 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 71.50 (59.00-90.25) | 72.00 (60.00-93.00) | 70.00 (56.00-87.00) | 0.573 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.76 (4.85-6.96) | 6.13 (5.05-7.02) | 5.21 (3.95-6.74) | 0.018(1) |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 336.54±103.85 | 341.49±98.85 | 329.06±111.48 | 0.493 |
| eGFR (mL·min-1·1.73 m-2) | 91.89 (75.94-101.34) | 91.53 (71.22-104.05) | 92.28 (80.79-101.12) | 0.915 |
| Lipid metabolism parameters | ||||
| Free fatty acid (mmol/L) | 0.40 (0.30-0.54) | 0.40 (0.27-0.53) | 0.40 (0.35-0.54) | 0.193 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.22 (3.72-4.82) | 4.15 (3.72-4.86) | 4.25 (3.69-4.77) | 0.870 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.47 (0.97-2.15) | 1.60 (0.97-2.36) | 1.26 (0.96-2.02) | 0.084 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.10 (0.90-1.33) | 1.11 (0.94-1.30) | 1.07 (0.84-1.39) | 0.723 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.69 (2.11-3.36) | 2.64 (2.00-3.38) | 2.74 (2.20-3.35) | 0.729 |
| ApoB (g/L) | 0.86±0.23 | 0.85±0.22 | 0.87±0.25 | 0.614 |
| ApoA1 (g/L) | 1.25 (1.09-1.38) | 1.26 (1.12-1.38) | 1.25 (1.06-1.36) | 0.697 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 12.30 (9.45-14.55) | 12.30 (9.70-14.85) | 12.10 (9.20-14.18) | 0.594 |
| Lipoprotein (a) (mg/L) | 77.00 (34.50-205.00) | 65.00 (33.50-161.50) | 92.50 (36.25-239.75) | 0.144 |
