近年来，有关不同物种尿道结构及控尿机制的研究越来越多，然而它们之间的相互联系却少有关注。为了更好地理解人类尿道的结构与功能，本文从生物进化的角度对处于较高进化阶段的狗、猫、兔、大鼠等哺乳类动物的尿道相关研究作一综述，并在其大体解剖学结构、被覆上皮种类、肌组织和神经递质受体分布等方面与人类尿道进行比较。对尿道精细结构的相关研究和比较为今后人控尿机制的研究以及动物模型的选择具有深远的意义。

Recently many studies focused on urethral structure and urinary continent mechanism. However, their relationship has seldom been concerned. In order to understand the structure and function of human urethra, we summarized the studies on some advanced evolved mammals including canine, feline, swine and rat, then compared them with human urethra on gross anatomy, covering epithelium, muscle distribution and neurotransmitter distribution. The related studies on fine structure of urethra play an important role in future researches on human urinary continent mechanism and the principal of animal model selection.