目的 研究补肾中药与阿法骨化醇联合应用对卵巢去势（ovariectomy，OVX）大鼠原发性骨质疏松的防治作用。方法 手术摘除6月龄雌性大鼠双侧卵巢，随机分成4组：OVX组（ovariectomy，OVX）、OVX给予补肾中药组（OVX administrated with Bushen Chinese drugs，OVX+TCM）、OVX给予补肾中药和阿法骨化醇组（OVX administrated with Bushen Chinese drugs and alfacalciferol，OVX+TCM+VD）和OVX给予尼尔雌醇组（OVX administrated with nilestriol，OVX+CEE₃），另设假手术对照组（SHAM）。术后35 d起给予药物至13周后处死取血、子宫、腰椎、股骨等标本，并测定比较各组以下变化：取子宫称重，计算子宫重/体重、子宫内膜厚度；放免法血测血清雌二醇（E₂）应用固体物理密度仪自动测量左股骨和腰椎L₂的骨密度；应用图像分析仪IPP计量软件分析椎体骨的组织病理形态计量；以万能材料测试仪检测右股骨与腰椎L₃的骨生物力学性能的指标；自动生化仪检测血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）；酶免法检测尿吡啶酚（Pyd），测尿肌酐（Cr），计算Pyd/Cr作为骨代谢生化标志物，综合判断骨质疏松情况。结果 OVX大鼠双侧卵巢摘除完全，雌激素缺乏诱发骨质疏松指标明显;联合给药组骨量明显增加，骨结构明显改善，抗骨折性能明显提高，骨形成和骨吸收生化标志物降低；其防治骨质疏松的作用优于单用补肾中药组，并与尼尔雌醇组相仿。结论 补肾中药与阿法骨化醇联合应用对卵巢去势大鼠原发性骨质疏松有明显防治作用，避免了雌激素引起的子宫内膜增生等毒副作用。

Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Bushen Chinese drugs and alfacalciferol on primary osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Methods Fifty-osteoporosis model of SD female rats was established by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). The rats were divided into 5 groups: the control (SHAM), the ovariectomy (OVX), the OVX rats treated with Bushen Chinese drugs only (OVX+TCM), the OVX rats with Bushen Chinese drugs and 0.1 mg/kg alfacalciferol (OVX+TCM+VD), and the OVX rats with 1 mg/kg Nilestriol (OVX+CEE₃) respectively. The drugs were administrated after 35 days of ovariectomy. All rats were sacrificed after 13 weeks of treatment. The serum E₂, bone mineral density (BMD) of vertebrae and left femur were determined and histomorphometry of femurs section was performed. The ratio of uterus to body weight and the uterine histological changes were investigated. Results Compared with the OVX group, the BMD level of OVX+TCM+VD group was significantly increased (P<0.01) along with improved bone structure and antifracture abilities. The biochemical marker of bone formation and bone resorption were decreased in the combinated treatment group. The preventive and therapeutic effects of Bushen Chinese drugs combined with alfacalciferol on osteoporosis rats was similar to the effects of the CEE₃ and better than that treated by Bushen Chinese drugs only. Conclusions The combinated treatment of Bushen Chinese drugs and alfacalciferol can selectively prevent and cure the postmenopausal osteoporosis and avoid the side effect of endometrial hyperplasia.