肝癌具有高度恶性和预后不良的特点。肝移植和肝切除只适用于少部分肿瘤局限的患者。由于起病隐匿,绝大部分肝癌患者被诊断时已为中晚期或者合并严重肝硬化,临床治疗以非手术为主,如经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)、局部消融、放疗、靶向药物等;治疗方式虽然多样,但肝癌复发转移的发生率很高。非手术治疗效果不理想,可能存在肝癌对每种治疗方式有一定的“治疗抵抗”。积极改进现有的治疗方案,对延长患者的生存期、提高患者的生活质量具有重要的意义。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the characteristics of high malignancy and poor prognosis.Liver transplantation and hepatectomy are applied in a small portion of patients with localized disease.Due to the hidden onset,HCC is usually diagnosed at an intermediate-advanced stage or with advancing cirrhosis.In most cases,various non-operative treatments are applied,including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE),local ablation,radiotherapy and molecular targeted drugs.The therapeutic effect of non-surgical treatments is not always ideal because the incidence of recurrence and metastasis after treatment is high.It also may be associated with “treatment resistance” of HCC to nonoperative treatments.Optimizing the current management schemes has great significance in improving patients′ quality of life and prolonging their survival.