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   复旦学报(医学版)  2021, Vol. 48 Issue (4): 562-564, 568      DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2021.04.023
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胎儿先天性婴儿型纤维肉瘤的宫内影像病理对照:2例报道与文献回顾
周清1 , 蔡舒蕾1 , 陶祥2 , 张国福1 , 张鹤1     
1. 复旦大学附属妇产科医院放射科 上海 200011;
2. 复旦大学附属妇产科医院病理科 上海 200011
摘要:先天性婴儿型纤维肉瘤(congenital infantile fibrosarcoma,CIFS)发病率低,产前诊断报道较少。本文回顾性分析复旦大学附属妇产科医院2例胎儿CIFS宫内的MRI表现特征,并与病理表现进行对照。结合文献报道,分析其潜在的生物学发生行为及影像学特点,旨在进一步增加对本病的产前诊断认识。
关键词先天性婴儿型纤维肉瘤(CIFS)    MRI    产前诊断    
Comparison of intrauterine imaging and pathology in fetal congenital infantile fibrosarcoma: 2 cases report and literature review
ZHOU Qing1 , CAI Shu-lei1 , TAO Xiang2 , ZHANG Guo-fu1 , ZHANG He1     
1. Department of Radiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 20011, China;
2. Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 20011, China
Abstract: The incidence of congenital infantile fibrosarcoma (CIFS) is rare, and there are few reports of prenatal diagnosis.In this paper, MRI features of 2 cases of CIFS in uterus were analyzed retrospectively and were compared with pathological findings. In order to further increase the understanding of prenatal diagnosis of this disease, the potential biological behaviors and imaging characteristics of this disease were analyzed.
Key words: congenital infantile fibrosarcoma (CIFS)    MRI    prenatal diagnosis    

先天性婴儿型纤维肉瘤(congenital infantile fibrosarcoma,CIFS),是一种罕见的胎儿恶性肿瘤。多在出生后被发现,约占1岁以下婴儿所有肉瘤的5%~10% [1]。胎儿时期被发现并报道的病例较少,本文回顾性分析复旦大学附属妇产科医院2例CIFS宫内的MRI表现特征,并同病理表现进行对照。结合文献分析其潜在的生物学发生行为及影像学特点,旨在进一步增加对本病的产前诊断认识。

临床资料  病例1,女,29岁,第2胎0产,平素月经规则,孕早期无阴道流血流液,孕4月余自觉胎动,孕13+1周来我院建卡,各项检查均未见明显异常。孕22周在我院行B超大排畸检查,提示胎儿左肘前皮下囊性为主混合结构(关节腔来源可能,大小约4.1 cm×3.3 cm×2.9 cm),腕关节呈内收状。孕22+1周在我院行MRI提示:单胎,臀位,所见胎儿左肘部软组织肿物,累及关节面及临近骨质,肿块呈T1WI低信号、T2WI等信号为主,边界清楚,弥散加权受限,考虑恶性肿瘤可能性大(胎儿型纤维肉瘤,大小约4.7 cm×2.9 cm×3.0 cm)。经三甲综合医院儿科就诊,考虑胎儿预后较差,患者拒绝多科会诊,要求优生引产。患者在我院引产后尸检,大体检查:男性死胎,左侧上肢增粗,表面皮肤完好,切开见一实性肿瘤,表面无明显包膜,与周围组织界限尚清,切面灰红色均质鱼肉样,质较软,未见明显出血、坏死。镜下肿瘤由单一形态的梭形细胞组成,可见鱼骨样排列,部分区域可见鹿角样分支血管及类圆形肿瘤细胞围血管生长的血管,核分裂像罕见,散在分布肿瘤性坏死(图 1)。免疫酶标记提示:Vimentin(+),CD31(内皮细胞阳性),Desmin(-),S100(-),ki67(< 1%+),NTRK(-)。诊断婴儿型纤维肉瘤。染色体分析检测提示:seq[hg19](1-22,X)×2,结果说明:未见明显染色体拷贝数异常。

A: Fetal MRI showed a soft tissue mass with homogeneous signal near the left arm, which was mainly isointense in T2WI HASTE sequence; B and C: Post induced labor disease examination showed that the mass was fish like, with clear boundary with surrounding tissue, without capsule; D: Fusiform tumor cells arranged in fishbone like, with small cell atypia and rare mitosis (×10);E: Some tumor areas showed hemangiopericytoma like distribution, with antler like branching vessels (×20);F: Under the microscope, tumor necrosis was seen (left side of the picture).HE staining (×10) showed that tumor cells were densely arranged in a whirlpool shape; G: Vimentin staining showed significant positive changes (×20). 图 1 病例1的MRI表现和病理结果 Fig 1 The MRI features and pathologyical findings of case 1

病例2,女,26岁,第1胎0产,外院建卡,孕34周超声检查发现胎儿足背巨大肿块,超声怀疑血管瘤。在我院行MRI进一步检查,提示血管瘤可能性大(图 2)。患者在外院妊娠至足月分娩,婴儿出生后至三甲综合性医院就诊,择期进行了足部肿块切除术。病理提示:婴儿型纤维肉瘤可能性大。

A and B: T2WI haste scan showed a huge soft tissue signal mass near the left foot, mainly isointense, with a little bright signal inside; C: After birth, a large blood supply rich soft tissue mass at the bottom of the left foot was seen, which destroyed most of the anatomical structure of the left foot. 图 2 病例2的MRI表现 Fig 2 The MRI features of case 2

两位产妇产前经电话随访确认未接触放射线及有毒有害化学物质。

讨论  CIFS是一种低度恶性的梭形细胞肿瘤,仅有少数在胎儿时期确诊,并进行优生筛选。38%的患儿出生时即被发现,51%的患儿于生后3个月内获得诊断,发病年龄超过5岁的报道较少见[2]。男女发病几率无明显差别。最常好发于四肢(44%~70%),发生在躯干的约30%,发生在头颅的报道较少[3]。本次报道中患病部位均在四肢,与文献一致。本病在婴幼儿发病多以无痛性增大的单发体表包块为主要临床症状,包块生长迅速,最大径可达9~15 cm,肿瘤表面皮肤可发红、肿胀、溃烂,或伴浅表静脉曲张。本次报道中的胎儿发现时病灶直径已经大于3cm,说明生长迅速。

组织学上,CIFS是一种由卵圆细胞或梭形细胞组成的富细胞性肿瘤,呈弥漫性的片状或束状分布,有丝分裂活性高,常可发现血管外皮瘤样排列结构,这也使得该病常被误诊为婴幼儿血管外皮细胞瘤[4]。该病通常波形蛋白(Vimentin)呈阳性,结蛋白(Desmin)和S100呈阴性,没有特征性的标记物。本报道中的免疫组化结果与文献一致[5]。文献报道[6]大部分的患者显示CIFS的特征性t(12;15)(p13;q25)和相关的ETV6-NTRK3基因融合,这有助于与其他软组织肿瘤进行鉴别,也提示该病虽为恶性,增长迅速,但预后良好。也有文献[7]指出NTRK3突变是该肿瘤的特征,最近发现Pan-Trk抗体与NTRK3融合密切相关,提示免疫组化标记物的临床作用。本次研究中只做了染色体的检查,并未做详细的基因序列检测,我们尝试通过NTRK抗体的检测间接验证文献中的说法,但病例1的两次检查结果均为阴性。

文献报道CIFS多在出生后发现,通过超声、CT和MRI检查进行分析。超声声像图常显示信号不均的高回声肿块,压迫邻近结构,有时也表现为小的囊性肿块,超声多普勒常显示肿块周围的新生血管和侧枝循环形成[8-9]。CT检查可以明确骨质受累情况,病灶内钙化少见[1]。本次病例报道均是胎儿,考虑到电离辐射的影响,未做CT检查。出生后的婴儿病灶MRI常表现为T1WI等或稍高信号、T2WI高信号,有时伴出血,均匀或不均匀增强的实质性肿块,无特异的影像学表现[9]。本次报道中,由于检查的是母体内的胎儿,肿瘤的血供和生长状态与出生后稍有不同,且胎儿MRI T2WI使用的是快速扫描序列,呈现的是类T2WI信号,故肿瘤信号与文献不同。本次报道的2例均为T1WI低信号、T2WI等信号,DWI高信号。考虑到MRI对比剂对胎儿的影响所以没有使用增强扫描,但是弥散加权成像显示肿块弥散受限,也能提示恶性肿瘤可能。

胎儿时期的恶性软组织肿瘤很少见,CIFS须与以下疾病相鉴别:(1)血管内皮瘤,皮下实质性肿块中最常见,大的血管瘤肿块质地不均,超声检查时常误诊为血管瘤,结合病灶的“整体回声”、“病灶边界”与“病灶血流”可以有效鉴别两者[7, 11-12];(2)横纹肌肉瘤,常发生于头颈部、泌尿生殖系统、腹膜后与四肢,无特征MRI表现,但形态常不规则;(3)淋巴管瘤,常发生在头颈部,较少出现在四肢,生长缓慢。

综上所述,虽然CIFS没有特异性的影像学表现,但当MRI显示宫内胎儿四肢出现一个边界清楚、T1WI低信号、T2WI等信号且弥散加权受限的巨大肿块时,提示CIFS的可能,有助于早期治疗和避免过度治疗。

作者贡献声明  周清  数据采集,论文撰写和修订。蔡舒蕾  数据采集,病史资料收集。陶祥  病理诊断,论文修改。张鹤,张国福  论文指导和修改。

利益冲突声明  所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。

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文章信息

周清, 蔡舒蕾, 陶祥, 张国福, 张鹤
ZHOU Qing, CAI Shu-lei, TAO Xiang, ZHANG Guo-fu, ZHANG He
胎儿先天性婴儿型纤维肉瘤的宫内影像病理对照:2例报道与文献回顾
Comparison of intrauterine imaging and pathology in fetal congenital infantile fibrosarcoma: 2 cases report and literature review
复旦学报医学版, 2021, 48(4): 562-564, 568.
Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021, 48(4): 562-564, 568.
Corresponding author
ZHANG He, E-mail dr.zhanghe@yahoo.com.
基金项目
上海市科委科研计划项目(19ZR1407200)
Foundation item
This work was supported by the Scientific Research Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (19ZR140720)

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