文章快速检索     高级检索
   复旦学报(医学版)  2019, Vol. 46 Issue (6): 840-842      DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2019.06.022
0
Contents            PDF            Abstract             Full text             Fig/Tab
下咽滑膜肉瘤1例报告
王萌1 , 沈纳1 , 黄新生1 , 侯英勇2 , 陈伶俐2     
1. 复旦大学附属中山医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科 上海 200032;
2. 复旦大学附属中山医院病理科 上海 200032
摘要:滑膜肉瘤(synovial sarcoma,SS)是一类较为罕见的多发于四肢关节旁和周围腱鞘软组织的恶性肿瘤,位于头颈部原发的SS较为少见。现将2018年我科收治的1例下咽滑膜肉瘤患者进行报道。本例主要行手术治疗,方式为喉咽切除术+喉部分切除术+右侧颈部淋巴结清扫+气管切开术,根据术后病理学特征确诊为SS,遂予术后补充放疗。现今,多种治疗方式给SS的临床缓解、远期缓解带来了新的展望。
关键词滑膜肉瘤(SS)    下咽部    治疗方式    
Synovial sarcoma of the hypopharynx: a case report
WANG Meng1 , SHEN Na1 , HUANG Xin-sheng1 , HOU Ying-yong2 , CHEN Ling-li2     
1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
2. Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Abstract: Synovial Sarcoma (SS) is a rare type of malignant tumor that mainly occurs in the soft tissue of the limbs and surrounding tendon sheaths.Head and neck synovial sarcomas are rare entities in adults.We reported a case of hypopharyngeal synovial sarcoma, which was treated by our department in 2008.In this case, surgery is the primary treatment modality.The patient underwent partial hypopharyngeal resection, partial laryngectomy, right cervical lymph node dissection and tracheotomy.It was diagnosed as SS according to pathological features.Radiotherapy was conducted as the supplementary therapy.Different treatment methods will bring new prospects for clinical remission and long-term prognosis of SS.
Key words: synovial sarcoma (SS)    hypopharynx    therapy    

滑膜肉瘤(synovial sarcoma, SS)是一类较为罕见的多发于四肢关节旁和周围腱鞘软组织的恶性肿瘤, 偶发于肺、胸膜和腹壁, 瘤细胞具有向上皮及间胚叶细胞双向分化功能, 约占软组织肉瘤的10%, 多见于青壮年[1]。头颈部滑膜肉瘤仅占所有头颈部恶性肿瘤的0.1%, 而下咽部受累的更为少见[2]。现将我科收治的1例下咽滑膜肉瘤进行汇报。

病例资料  患者男性, 61岁, 因“反复咽痛半年, 加重伴吞咽困难1个月。”于2018年2月收治入复旦大学附属中山医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科。病程中患者出现呼吸不畅, 发音含糊, 偶有痰中带血。收治入院后完善喉镜检查示:会厌(-), 咽后壁见一巨大菜花样肿物, 表面黏膜糜烂, 直径约3.0 cm, 广基底, 声门无法暴露, 咽腔明显狭窄(图 1A)。入院后即行喉镜下咽后壁肿物活检术, 术后病理示上皮样细胞恶性肿瘤。全身PET-CT扫描图像示:喉咽后壁见糖代谢增高的软组织肿块, 累及右侧梨状窝, 大小约3.6 cm×2.3 cm (图 1B)。双侧颈血管旁见糖代谢增高的淋巴结, 左、右侧较大的分别为1.4 cm×0.8 cm和1.4 cm×0.7 cm。骨骼及余胸腹部PET-CT图像未见糖代谢异常增高灶。患者于入院后10天行喉咽切除术+喉部分切除术+右侧颈部淋巴结清扫+气管切开术。术中采取了右侧Ⅱ-Ⅳ区颈淋巴结清扫, 保留胸锁乳突肌和颈内静脉。从舌骨下偏左侧进入喉咽腔, 可见肿瘤基本已阻塞喉咽腔, 根部位于喉咽前侧壁。切除部分喉咽、右侧声门上部分甲状软骨, 固定会厌, 将甲状软骨与舌骨固定, 残存喉咽黏膜封闭右侧喉咽。术中冰冻淋巴结未见癌肿转移, 冰冻切缘均为阴性, 肿瘤完整切除。

A:Preoperative laryngoscope showed a large cauliflower like mass appeared on the posterior pharyngeal wall, the surface mucous membrane was erosive, glottis could not be exposed.B:PET-CT showed that the soft tissue mass with increased glucose metabolism on the posterior wall of the larynx involved the piriform fossa on the right side.C:It was a laryngoscope image 2 months after operation. 图 1 下咽滑膜肉瘤术前及术后影像学比较 Fig 1 Preoperative and postoperative comparison in synovial sarcoma of the hypopharynx

术后情况  术后病理显示喉咽部低分化恶性肿瘤, 部分区域可见双相分化(图 2A), 细胞明显异型, 核分裂相近100/50 HPF。脉管内见瘤栓。免疫组化示TLE-1(+)、EMA(部分+)、CK{PAN}(部分+)、CD99(部分+)、CK8(+)、DES(-)等; 行双色荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)后, SYT-SSX分离探针检测结果显示约70%肿瘤细胞可见SYT-SSX基因红绿信号分离, 提示FISH结果阳性(图 2B-D)。结合以上情况, 该例符合SS。评估肿瘤分级为Ⅱ期(T2N0M0)。患者术后恢复可, 无咽瘘形成。1个月后可进食, 无吞咽呛咳。出院后封堵气管套管, 呼吸顺畅。术后1个半月再次入院后顺利拔管。术后补充放疗, 采用了三维适性调强。术后2个月喉镜示:双侧声带活动佳, 声门裂大, 未见新生物(图 1C)。

A:HE-staining (×50), This case is bilateral synovial sarcoma, which is composed of spindle cells and epithelioidcells, and consists of both spindle cell and epithelial components; B:Break-apart FISH image (×400).About 70% of the tumor cells were found to have broken separation signals; C:TLE-1 staining:positive.D:CK {pan} staining:positive.C-D:Immunohisto chemisty (×50). 图 2 下咽滑膜肉瘤术后病理学特征 Fig 2 The pathological features of synovial sarcoma of the hypopharynx

讨论  据文献报道, 头颈部滑膜肉瘤多数起源于脊柱旁结缔组织间隙, 表现为颈动脉分叉附近孤立的咽旁或咽后肿物[3]。总体5年生存率40%~70%。15%~20%的患者中有淋巴结受累, 但并未影响总生存期。SS易血行播散, 最常见部位是肺。而当原发肿瘤直径超过5 cm时, 患者的生存率也将明显下降[4]。SS通常分为单相型及双相型, 同时, 也可表现为低分化圆形细胞肉瘤, 为血管周细胞瘤样改变, 但并非单独亚型, 为肿瘤进展的一种表现形式, 在单向型和双向型肿瘤中均可发生[3]。免疫组化有助于诊断, 大多数SS上皮膜抗原和细胞角蛋呈阳性。约90%的SS具有染色体易位t(X; 18)(p11.2;q11.2), 导致18号染色体上的SYT与X染色体上的SSX家族成员相融合形成SYT-SSX [5], 具有诊断特异性。本例首先在临床上采取活检, 根据影像诊断、术后大体标本HE染色的判读、IHC辅助诊断, 最终通过FISH确诊。因其非特异性症状, 低临床发病率, 缺乏特定的放射学特征, SS的术前诊断仍具有挑战性[6]。根据2015年我国专家共识[7]建议通过多学科综合诊疗制定治疗方案。手术仍是最有效的方式, 但建议获取安全外科边界(MRI显示肉瘤边缘或反应区外1 cm处), 术后辅以放化疗。对于工期手术难以根治的病例, 需行术前放疗和介入治疗后, 再考虑广泛切除。SS是化疗敏感性肿瘤, 有效药物包括阿霉素、表柔比星和异环磷酰胺。目前一些靶向治疗也纳入了临床试验中, 包括G6PD、EZH2以及依维莫司与伊马替尼的联合方案等[3]; 与此同时, 免疫治疗的探索也如火如荼。不同的治疗方式给SS的临床缓解、远期预后带来了新的展望。

参考文献
[1]
SHI W, INDELICATO DJ, et al. Long-term treatment outcomes for patients with synovial sarcoma:A 40-year experience at the University of Florida[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 36(1): 83-8. [URI]
[2]
STURGIS EM, POTTER BO. Sarcomas of the head and neck region[J]. Curr Opin Oncol, 2003, 15(3): 239-252. [DOI]
[3]
WEISS SW, GOLDBLUM JR. Enzinger and weiss's soft tissue tumor's[M]. St.Louis: Mosby, 2011: 1161-1182.
[4]
MALLEN J, CLAIR ST, ARSHI A, et al. Factors associated with survival in patients with synovial cell sarcoma of the head and neck:an analysis of 167 cases using the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database[J]. JAMA Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg, 2016, 142(6): 576-583. [DOI]
[5]
GUILLOU L, BENHATTAR J, BONICHON F, et al. Histologic grade, but not SYT-SSX fusion type, is an important prognostic factor in patients with synovial sarcoma:a multicenter, retrospective analysis[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2004, 22(20): 4040-4050. [DOI]
[6]
ALOTAIBI NH, BORNAND A, DULGUEROV N, et al. Synovial sarcoma of the hypopharynx in a pediatric patient:case report[J]. Int J Surg Case Rep, 2016, 28: 1-3. [DOI]
[7]
中国抗癌协会肉瘤专业委员会, 中国临床肿瘤学会. 软组织肉瘤诊治中国专家共识:2015版[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2016, 38(4): 310-320. [DOI]
[8]
HOANG NT, ACEVEDO LA, MANN MJ, et al. A review of soft-tissue sarcomas:translation of biological advances into treatment measures[J]. Cancer Manag Res, 2018, 10(1): 1089-1114. [PubMed]

文章信息

王萌, 沈纳, 黄新生, 侯英勇, 陈伶俐
WANG Meng, SHEN Na, HUANG Xin-sheng, HOU Ying-yong, CHEN Ling-li
下咽滑膜肉瘤1例报告
Synovial sarcoma of the hypopharynx: a case report
复旦学报医学版, 2019, 46(6): 840-842.
Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019, 46(6): 840-842.
Corresponding author
HUANG Xin-sheng, E-mail:huang.xinsheng@zs-hospital.sh.cn.

工作空间