20 July 2011, Volume 38 Issue 04

    

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专家论坛
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  Acetylation expands its territory into metabolism

  LI Yang;ZHAO Shimin△

  . 2011, 38(04): 283-286. https://doi.org/10.369/j.issn.1672-8467.2011.04.001

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  Lysine acetylation, an important protein post translational modification that has known physiological roles in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation, was found to play an essential role in metabolic regulation. These most recent developments in acetylation studies add values to theories of metabolic regulation.
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  The role of lysine acetylation of protein in lung cancer and fibrosis

  ZHANG Jinsheng

  . 2011, 38(04): 287-293. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.002

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  Protein acetylation is a widely studied covalent modification that affects gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. The posttranslational εamino lysine acetylation of proteins is highly reversible and catalyzed by many lysine acetyltransferases (KATs). The opposing process of acetylation is deacetylation which is governed by histone deacetylase (HDACs). The εamino lysine acetylation is a reversible posttranslational modification with the potential to rival phosphorylation and plays important roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Much of researches in potentials of εamino lysine acetylation have been performed in carcinogenesis, especially in hematological malignancies. Two HDACs inhibitors, romidepsin (Istodax) and vorinostat (SAHA) have been recently authorized by FDA of U.S.A. to treat skin T cell lymphoma. It is expected thatεamino lysine acetylation will be the hot spot in researches on solid tumor and nontumor diseases. Following is a review based on the update journal articles regarding to lysine acetylation involving in lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis.
  
  
论著
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  Application of regression tree in the analysis of factors affecting hospitalization expenses of children infected by respiratory syncytial virus

  ZHU Qiuli;ZHANG Tao;DING Yunfang;ZHANG Xuelan;ZHAO Genming△

  . 2011, 38(04): 294-299. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.003

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  Objective To analyze and predict the factors affecting the hospitalization expenses of children infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and to provide information for government decision.Methods There were 959 children randomly collected from all the children with RSV infection from 2003 to 2009 in Suzhou Children’s Hospital. SPSS 18.0 was used in the data analysis, including testing the conditions for the model of multiple linear regression and build the model of regression tree.Results The model of multiple linear regression was not suitable for predicting the factors affecting the hospitalization expenses per day. There were 4 factors out of the 10 riskfactors found by the model of regression tree, including the level of Creactive protein (CRP), age, whether or not had asthma or cardiopulmonary diseases, among which the level of CRP was the most important one, followed by the age, whether or not had asthma or cardiopulmonary diseases. Mean squared error (MSE) of cross validation was 0.086. When the level of CRP was more than 5.760 mg/L, it was the only factor that affecting the hospitalization expenses per day; while the level of CRP ≤3.145 mg/L, age began to affect it as well; the RSVinfected children with asthma or cardiopulmonary diseases had higher expenditure of per day.Conclusions The regression tree may be valuable in the studies of epidemiology. The level of CRP, the age, whether or not had asthma or cardiopulmonary diseases should be considered when estimating the hospitalization expenditure per day of the RSVinfected children.
  
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  Reference value of fetal ductus arteriosus in midsecond trimester

  AO Ying;YAN Yingliu△;ZHANG Yun;ZHAO Wei;HUANG Xiaowei;KONG Fanbin;REN Yunyun;ZHOU Yiqing;GUI Yonghao

  . 2011, 38(04): 300-302. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.004

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  Objective To establish reference range for the diameter of fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) during midsecond trimester.Methods 4 456 fetuses were included from Jan 2009 to May 2010. 2Dec hocardiography was done at 20~23+6 weeks. Inner diameter of ductus arteriosus was measured. Results DA was measured in 4 403/4 456 cases successfully and the display rate of DA was 98.81%. The parameter of DA diameter was normally distributed and had a increasing with gestational age. The mean diameter of DA was (2.27±0.42)mm to (2.53±0.33)mm and the 50th% tile was 2.3 mm to 2.5 mm at 20~23+6 weeks.Conclusions It is possible to observe DA and measure its diameter in midsecond trimester. The reference range for the diameter of DA in fetus may be helpful for the early diagnosis of DArelated heart disease.
  
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  Expression and significance of plateletderived growth factor and its receptors in arteriosclerosis plaque on type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremity

  LI Xu;SHAO Mingzhe;FAN Longhua△

  . 2011, 38(04): 303-309. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.005

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  Objective To explore the expression of plateletderived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors in arteriosclerosis plaque on type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of lower extremity.Methods From Jan 2007 to Sept 2009, 22 patients with ASO received operation in the Qingpu Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. The arteriosclerotic plaques in ASO patients of lower extremity are taken from the open operation. The samples are stored in 4% formaldehyde fluid and Liquid nitrogen immediately after operation respectively. One are dyed with HE
  and immunohistochemical staining to research PDGFR, the other are detected the A and B chain mRNA express of PDGF by RTPCR.Results A little lipid invasion can be found by HE stain in femoral artery plaque of ASO patients without type 2DM. And so little express with PDGFRα and β were in femoral artery plaque by immunohistochemistry stain. The quantity of PDGF A chain mRNA has no difference in iliac or femoral artery plaques between ASO patients combined with type 2DM and no DM patients. But The quantity of PDGF B chain mRNA was significantly increased compared to no DM patients. The mean quantity of PDGF B chain mRNA in iliac or femoral artery plaques of ASO patients with type 2DM was increased compared to the popliteal artery plaques.Conclusions PDGFRβ was overexpressed in peripheral artery occlude diseases combined with type 2DM. This explored it is critical in the developing of arterioclerosis. PDGF B chain mRNA were more large in popliteal artery plaque in ASO with type 2DM than in iliac or femoral artery plaques. This explored it play a key role in the development of arteriosclerosis.
  
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  Isolation of nerve growth factor receptor positive cells from human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells and their biological properties

  XU Xunyu△;HUANG Shengdong;FANG Chaoying;LIN Xing;ZHUANG Congwen;CHEN Qianshun

  . 2011, 38(04): 310-314. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.006

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  Objective To isolate nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) positive cells from human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells and to observe its biological properties.Methods NGFR positive cells were isolated from human esophageal squamous carcinoma by magnetic activated cell sorting. NGFR positive rate of isolated cells and cell generation cycles were detected by flow cytometry, as well as the cell recovery rate was calculated. Cell numbers were counted by MTT method, cell growth curves were obtained, and doubling generation times were calculated. Flat plate clone test were performed to calculate cloning efficiency rate. Tumor development test was performed by the xenotransplantation of NGFR positive squamous carcinoma cells in Balb/C mice.Results The purity of NGFR positive cells in isolated cells was up to 89.94% (vs. 1.89% in nonisolated cells), while cell recovery rate was 19.83%. Compared with nonisolated cells, NGFR positive cells showed stronger ability of selfrenew, differentiation, proliferation, shortening of doubling generation times ［(25.22±8.15)h vs. (47.41±12.69)h, P=0.01］ and increasing of cloning efficiency rate (16.27%±8.31% vs. 1.22%±0.35%, P=0.00). Cell generation cycles test indicated that most of cells were in S, G2, M phase (72.7% vs. 18.8% in non isolated cells). Tumor development in Balb/C mice showed larger size and heavier weight in NGFR positive isolated cells in Balb/C mice vs. nonisolated cells.Conclusions Using magnetic activated cell sorting, NGFR positive cells can be isolated from human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells with high purity and the maintenance of cell biological functions. NGFR positive cells in human esophageal squamous carcinoma shows the properties of cancer stem cells.
  
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  ERCC1 and BRCA1 expressions in the tissues of colorectal cancer and its clinical significance in platinumbased chemotherapy

  XU Guanghui△;LI Yu;YE Shenglong;LIU Yi

  . 2011, 38(04): 315-318. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.007

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  Objective To explore the expressions of excision repair crosscomplementing gene 1 (ERCC1) and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) in the tissues of colorectal cancer and its clinical significance.Methods ERCC1 and BRCA1 expressions in the tissues of colorectal cancer were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results The positive rate of ERCC1 expression was 43.1%, and was significantly correlated with histologic grade. Compared with ERCC1 positive patients, ERCC1 negative patients had longer median survival time (MST) with statistical difference (P=0.013). The positive rate of BRCA1 expression was 52.8%. BRCA1 expression was significantly correlated with histologic grade. Compared with BRCA1 positive patients, BRCA1 negative patients had longer MST without statistical difference (P=0.16). Compared with ERCC1 positive plus BRCA1 positive patients,
  ERCC1 negative plus BRCA1 negative patients had significantly longer MST with statistical difference (P=0.025). The positive expression of ERCC1 and BRCA1 had a significant positive correlation with colorectal cancer (r=0.485, P=0.007).Conclusions ERCC1 negative patients with oxaliplatinbased chemotherapy may obtain survival benefit, but the survival benefit in BRCA1 negative patients was not obvious. Expression levels of ERCC1 and BRCA1 might be useful in the choice of chemotherapy regimes and evaluation of prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer after surgery.
  
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  Bone regeneration in mandibular defects in rabbits with composite materials of small intestinal submucosa

  HUA Li;LU Jiayu;ZOU Derong△

  . 2011, 38(04): 319-323. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.008

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  Objective To determine whether the small intestinal submucosa (SIS)/nano meter crystal βtricalcium phosphate (nm βTCP) composite can enhance the regeneration of mandibular defect of New Zealand rabbits.Methods Twentysix rabbits with mandibular were made and randomly divided into 4 groups, in which SIS, nm βTCP and the composite scaffold material of SIS and nm βTCP was applied to the three groups, and the other group was used as the control. Three monthes after the operation, the samples were extracted for histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy observation, and mineral apposition rate (MiAR), bonevolume fraction and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were recorded. Oneway ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.Results Most of defect areas were occupied by newborn trabeculae, and filler materials almost degraded, while a few still remained in the group of nm βTCP. The group using composite scaffold materials was found that more newborn bone trabeculae with more mature formation, and MiAR, bonevolunme fraction and Tb.Th were higher than the other 3 groups (P<0.05).Conclusions The composite materials of SIS and nm βTCP can enhance bone regeneration in mandibular defect of rabbits.
  
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  Evolution and classification of haemagglutinin genes of influenza A

  XIONG Chenglong;ZHANG Zhijie;LIANG Di;JIANG Lufang;LU Yihan;JU Liwen;CHEN Yue;JIANG Qingwu△

  . 2011, 38(04): 324-329. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.009

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  Objective To determine the phylogenetic relationships of haemagglutinin gene sequences of 16 influenza A virus sera subtypes,and to study their genetic origins.Methods Haemagglutinin gene sequences of 16 influenza A virus sera subtypes were derived from an Internet database.DNAStar,Clustal X1.83,MEGA 4,and PHYLIP 3.67 softwares were used to measure the genetic distances within and between the influenza A virus sera subtypes,and to construct their phylogenetic trees.Results Haemagglutinin gene sequences of 16 influenza A virus sera subtypes were successfully divided into 16 genotypes,with the genetic distances within genotypes being 0.102 31 to 0.225 16 centimorgan (cM,SE=0.006-0.011).A taxonomy study demonstrated that these 16 influenza A virus sera subtypes could be congregated into 5 clades including：A (subtypes H1,H2,H5 and H6),B (H8,H9 and H12),C (H11,H13 and H16),D (H7,H10 and H15) and E (H3,H4,and H14).They could be further classified into two groups:group Ⅰ (clades A,B and C) and group Ⅱ (clades D and E).Conclusions Haemagglutinin gene sequences of 16 influenza A virus sera subtypes could be congregated into five clades and further into two groups.
  
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  The minimum local anesthetic concentration of ropivacaine in patient receiving infraclavicular brachial plexus block

  WANG Letian;CHE Xuehua;LIANG Weimin△

  . 2011, 38(04): 329-32. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.010

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  Objective To study the minimum local anesthetic concentration (MLAC) of ropivacaine in patients receiving infraclavicular brachial plexus block, under which concentration the effective anaesthesia was obtained with minimal motor block without local anesthetic systemic toxicity and neurotoxicity. It is better for surgeon to find nerve injury during the operation and to evaluate the effect after the operation.Methods Forty patients scheduled for surgical procedures below elbow were enrolled. All patients who were distributed to ASA physical status class Ⅰ-Ⅱ and aged between 18 and 65 years old received an infraclavicular brachial plexus block by nerve stimulator. The total volume was 60 mL, and the concentration started at 0.25% with concentration gradient of 0.01%, depending on the response of the previous patient, using the technique of updown sequential allocation. Halfeffective concentration (EC50) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were obtained by probit analysis.Results The EC50 and 95% CI for ropivacaine was 0.176% and (0.116%-0.212%).Conclusions The minimum local anesthetic concentration of ropivacaine in patient receiving infraclavicular brachial plexus block was 0.176%. The effective concentration of ropivacaine can provide effective anaesthesia with minimal motor block.
  
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  Multicentric solidpseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas:two cases report and literature reviews

  QI Xiangqun;DU Zunguo;WANG Hong;YIN Bo;TANG Feng△

  . 2011, 38(04): 333-336. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.011

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  Objective To report 2 cases of rare multicentric solidpseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas, and to discuss its clinical and pathological features by reviewing literatures.Methods The clinical features,histological and immunochemical findings of 4 multicentric SPNs,including 2 cases from literatures,were analyzed.We also compared their features with the corresponding solitary SPN.Results There were 3 females and 1 male among these 4 cases.They manifested nonspecific symptoms.Neoplasms were variable in size,well demarcated frequently with cystic degeneration,and separated from each other.Microscopically,the distinct pseudopapillae were formed by uniform neoplastic cells surrounding delicate blood vessels.Neoplastic cells usually expressed vimentin,neuronspecific enolase,synaptophysin,progesterone receptor,CD10,and with βcatenin of abormal nuclear location.The patients could achieve a longterm survival after complete surgical resection of neoplasms.Conclusions The multicentive SPN was rare,sharing similar clinicopathological features with the solitary SPN.
  
实验研究报道
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  Determination of the content of meptazinol (2-amino-6-methyl)benzoate hydrochloride by RP-HPLC

  XIE Qiong;YU Yunqiu;XIE Xinxin;LU Meiyan;ZHENG Wei;QIU Zhuibai△

  . 2011, 38(04): 337-339. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.012

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  Objective To establish a reversed phasehigh performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method to determine the content of meptazinol (2amino-6-methyl)benzoate hydrochloride.MethodsA C18(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) column was used with the mobile phase of 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 7.4 with aqueous ammonia): methanol (25∶75, V/V), the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, the UVdetector at the wavelength of 230 nm, and the column temperature of 30℃.ResultsThe limit of detection for meptazinol (2-amino-6-methyl)benzoate hydrochloride was 20 ng. Good linearity was demonstrated at the range of 20-500 μg/mL (r=0.999 4).ConclusionsThe established method was proved to be simple, sensitive and accurate. It can be used for the quality control of meptazinol (2amino6methyl)benzoate hydrochloride.
  
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  Exogenous TGF-β1 upregulates the expression of ALDH1 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells

  HAN Mingli;WU Chengyi△;MO Zhiqiang;PENG Qiongle;WANG Yimeng;QU Hongbo

  . 2011, 38(04): 340-342. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.013

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  Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous TGFβ1 on the regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) expression in human breast cancer MCF7 cells.Methods MCF7 cells were induced with TGFβ1 at different concentrations (1, 5 ng/mL) for 48 hours. ALDH1 expression in these cells was then analyzed at mRNA and protein levels by RTPCR and Western blot assay, respectively.Results ALDH1 mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated in TGFβ induced (1, 5 ng/mL) MCF7 cells compared with normal MCF7 cells, respectively (All P<0.001). They were also upregulated in MCF7 cells induced with TGFβ1 at higher concentration (5 ng/mL) compared with MCF7 cells induced with TGFβ1 at lower concentration (1 ng/mL), respectively (All P<0.001).Conclusions Exogenous TGFβ1 upregulats expressions of ALDH1 mRNA and protein in human breast cancer MCF7 cells in the manner of concentrationdependence, and TGFβ1 may mediates the convention of cancer stem cells (CSC) to breast cancer cells.
  
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  Effect of astragalus polysaccharide on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the expression of stem cell factor in vitro

  HUANG Jin;ZHANG Jin△;XU Zhiwei

  . 2011, 38(04): 343-348. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.014

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  Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) in vitro.Methods The promoting proliferation effect of APS on MSCs of SD rats for 72 hours was detected by MTT.Different cytokine mRNA expressions were measured by RTPCR. SCF mRNA expression was quantitatively analyzed by realtime PCR and protein expression was detected by Western blot and ELISA assay.Results APS at 1, 2, 3 mg/mL significantly increased the proliferation of MSCs when compared with the blank control group (P<0.05), among which 1 mg/mL APS had the most obvious effect (P<0.01). Compared with the blank serum group,10% APS medicated serum had more obvious effect on promoting the proliferation of MSCs (P<0.05),it also improved SCF mRNA expression and soluble SCF protein more obviously (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, 1 mg/mL APS markedly stimulated SCF mRNA and protein expression (P<0.05). Conclusions APS can promote proliferation of MSCs, and the mechanism may involve the stimulation of SCF mRNA and protein expressions.
  
临床经验交流
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  Clinical application of retrievable inferior vena cava filter

  GU Yan△;HOU Peng;GU Chuan

  . 2011, 38(04): 349-350. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.015

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  Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of inserting an retrievable inferior vena cava filter to prevent the pulmonary embolism (PE) due to thrombus in the lower extremities.Methods A total of 23 patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were placed retrievable inferior vena cava filter. After anticoagulation and fibrinolytic therapy, it was observed whether PE symptoms existed.Results All the inferior vena cana filters were successfully emplaced. After the therapy, symptoms of patients were obviously improved. No PE occurred, and filters were smoothly removed after 14 days in 21 patients. Emboluses were entrapped by filter in 11 patients.Conclusions Retrievable vena cana filter is safe and effective in the prevention of PE for patients with DVT.
  
综述
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  The utilization of manujet ventilation in the airway operation

  LIU Yuqi;CHEN Lianhua△

  . 2011, 38(04): 351-355. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.016

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  It has been nearly a half century since jet ventilation been used clinically. Different device of jet ventilation are widly used and has been proved efficient in the anesthesia of airway operation. Manujet ventilaion (MJV) is protable and can be ajusted easily and timely. It is mainly used in handling emergency/difficult airway, suspension laryngoscopy, tracheobronchial stenosis operations and rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body removal. This is a review of the utilization of manujet ventilation in airway operations, as well as the occurrence and preventative measures of complications during the performance of this technique.
  
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  The current situation of solid organ transplantation in HIVinfected patients

  FAN Chao;LV Yi△

  . 2011, 38(04): 356-360. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.017

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  The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has spread throughout the world, and the situation in china is also not optimistic. At present, the life span of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients has been prolonged greatly because of the popularity of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) therapy, and the important organ function failure such as liver function failure or kidney function failure became the main causes for mortality in those patients. With the dramatic improvements in solid organ transplantation, more and more transplantation centers are attempting to widen original indication of organ transplant for saving more HIVinfected patients who has the major organ function failure. Being complexity of transplant on HIVinfected patients, although many doctors gained the experience from the past transplant cases, there still remains many questions unsolved. The aims of this review are to make the key issues of the HIVinfected transplantation familiar to Chinese doctors and to provide useful information on how to save HIVinfected patients in China.
  
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  Advancement in analysis of anticoagulant rodenticides

  YAN Hui;SHEN Min△

  . 2011, 38(04): 361-366. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.018

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  Anticoagulant rodenticides are chronic toxicants that are widely used in rodent control. They are highly effective rodenticides that kill rats and mice with high palatability and no resistance comparing with acute rodenticides such as tetramine. With the advancement of constant research on anticoagulant rodenticides and the use of new technology, progress achieves in the analysis of anticoagulant rodenticides, especially in biological samples. We summarized the progress on the analysis of anticoagulant rodenticides in order to provide references for analytical toxicologist.
  
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  The role of NKG2D receptor and its ligands in tumor immunity

  ZANG Yiwen;ZHOU Yiming;CHEN Zongyou△

  . 2011, 38(04): 367-371. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.019

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  NKG2D is an improtant activating receptor of the innate immune system, which starts innate immune surveillance and immune clearance in the early stage of tumorigenesis. NKG2D and its ligands can also be regarded as a kind of tumor marker, serving as a crucial prognostic factor and indicator in the formulation of treatment protocols. Meanwhile, tumor cells can downregulate the expression of NKG2G/NKG2DL by means of varied humoral or cellular immunity pathways, mediating its immune escape effect. We hope that after intensive studies on NKG2D/NKG2DL pathways, we could find some new approaches against cancer, underlying substantial foundations in future individualized immunotherapy. In this review, we present the role of NGK2D receptor and its ligand in tumor immunity.
  
个案报告
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  One case report of combined central serous chorioretinopathy and Cushing’s syndrome associated with adrenal myelolipoma

  LIU Ling▲;YANG Fang▲;ZHANG Renliang▲;ZHANG Shenning;CHEN Guanghui△

  . 2011, 38(04): 372-374. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.16728467.2011.04.020

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